Sloka 248: Difference between revisions

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=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
स देवदत्तः अयम् इति इह केवलता 
स देवदत्तः अयम् इतः च एकता <br />
विरुद्ध-धर्म-अंशम् अपास्य कथ्यते ।
विरुद्ध-धर्म-अंशम् अपास्य कथ्यते । <br />
यथा तथा 'तत्त्वम् असि' इति वाक्ये
यथा तथा तत्त्वम् असि इति वाक्ये <br />
विरुद्ध-धर्मान् उभयत्र हित्वा ॥ २४८ ॥
विरुद्ध-धर्मान् उभयत्र हित्वा ॥


=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
sa devadatto'ayam itīha caikatā
sa devadatto'ayam itīha caikatā <br />
viruddha-dharmāṁśam apāsya kathyate |
viruddha-dharmāṁśam apāsya kathyate | <br />
yathā tathā tattvam asīti vākye
yathā tathā tattvam asīti vākye <br />
viruddha-dharmān ubhayatra hitvā || 248 ||
viruddha-dharmān ubhayatra hitvā || 248 ||


=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
In the same way as the statement "This is that Devadatta" ignores contradictory qualities, the sentence "You are That" also sets aside contradictory attributes in both entities.  
The oneness of "This is Devadatta" is expressed by ignoring contradictory attributes, just as in the statement "You are That", contradictory attributes are disregarded on both sides.


=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
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! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
|-
|-
| स (sa) || that || वह
| स (sa) || he || वह
|-
|-
| देवदत्तः (devadattaḥ) || Devadatta || देवदत्त
| देवदत्तः (devadattaḥ) || Devadatta || देवदत्त
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| अयम् (ayam) || this || यह
| अयम् (ayam) || this || यह
|-
|-
| इति (iti) || thus || ऐसा
| इतः (itaḥ) || here || यहाँ
|-
|-
| इह (iha) || here || यहां
| च (ca) || and || और
|-
|-
| केवलता (caikatā) || unity || एकत्व
| एकता (ekatā) || oneness || एकता
|-
|-
| विरुद्ध-धर्म-अंशम् (viruddha-dharmāṁśam) || opposing qualities || विरोधी धर्म
| विरुद्ध-धर्म-अंशम् (viruddha-dharma-aṁśam) || contradictory attributes || विरोधी धर्मांश
|-
|-
| अपास्य (apāsya) || setting aside || हटाकर
| अपास्य (apāsya) || discarding || हटाकर
|-
|-
| कथ्यते (kathyate) || is stated || कहा जाता है
| कथ्यते (kathyate) || is expressed || कहा जाता है
|-
|-
| यथा (yathā) || just as || जैसे
| यथा (yathā) || just as || जैसे
|-
|-
| तथा (tathā) || so also || उसी प्रकार
| तथा (tathā) || so || उसी प्रकार
|-
|-
| तत्त्वम् असि (tattvam asi) || Thou art That || 'तू वह है'
| तत्त्वम् (tattvam) || that || वह
|-
|-
| इति (iti) || thus || ऐसा
| असि (asi) || you are || तुम हो
|-
|-
| वाक्ये (vākye) || in sentence || वाक्य में
| इति (iti) || thus || इस प्रकार
|-
|-
| विरुद्ध-धर्मान् (viruddha-dharmān) || contradictory attributes || विरोधी गुण
| वाक्ये (vākye) || in the statement || वाक्य में
|-
|-
| उभयत्र (ubhayatra) || in both || दोनों में
| विरुद्ध-धर्मान् (viruddha-dharmān) || contradictory attributes || विरोधी धर्मों को
|-
|-
| हित्वा (hitvā) || abandoning || छोड़कर
| उभयत्र (ubhayatra) || on both sides || दोनों ओर
|-
| हित्वा (hitvā) || disregarding || छोड़कर
|}
|}


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! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
|-
| एकता || कथ्यते || विरुद्धधर्मांशम् अपास्य || Unity is asserted by setting aside contradictory qualities. || विरोधी गुणों को हटाकर एकता कही जाती है।
| एकता || कथ्यते || विरुद्ध-धर्म-अंशम् अपास्य || Oneness is expressed by discarding contradictory attributes. || विरोधी धर्मों को हटाकर एकता कही जाती है।
|-
|-
| वाक्य (तत्त्वमसि) || कथ्यते || विरुद्धधर्मान् उभयत्र हित्वा || The sentence "You are That" ignores contradictory attributes in both. || 'तत्त्वमसि' वाक्य दोनों में विरोधी गुणों को हटाकर कहा जाता है।
| तत्त्वमसि वाक्ये || हित्वा || विरुद्ध-धर्मान् उभयत्र || In the "You are That" statement, by disregarding contradictory attributes on both sides. || "तत्त्वमसि" वाक्य में दोनों ओर के विरोधी धर्मों को छोड़कर।
|}
|}


=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[tattvam asi|tattvam asi (तत्त्वमसि)]]
* [[advaita|advaita (अद्वैत)]]
* [[ekatā|ekatā (एकता)]]
* [[viruddha-dharma|viruddha-dharma (विरुद्धधर्म)]]
* [[viruddha-dharma|viruddha-dharma (विरुद्धधर्म)]]
* [[upādhi|upādhi (उपाधि)]]
* [[tattvamasi|tattvamasi (तत्त्वमसि)]]


=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Non-duality
* Non-duality
* Vedantic philosophy
* Spiritual Identity
* Identity
* Oneness


=== Commentary (टीका) ===
=== Commentary (टीका) ===
This verse is a profound exploration of the Vedantic principle of identity between the individual and the universal self as expressed in the phrase ''''tattvam asi'''' (You are That). The comparison is made with the statement about ''Devadatta'', emphasizing the reconciliation of apparent contradictions by considering the core identity. Contradictory attributes, referred to as ''viruddha-dharma'', are disregarded to perceive the underlying unity or ''ekatā''. This resonates with the concept of ''upādhi'' or limiting adjuncts that veil true self-knowledge, a key tenet in Advaita philosophy.
This verse highlights the concept of non-duality (*advaita*) by using a classic example from Vedantic philosophy. The sentence "This is Devadatta" exemplifies how, despite apparent contradictory attributes, an underlying oneness is recognized when such contradictions are set aside. Similarly, in the Chandogya Upanishad's famous phrase "तत्त्वमसि" (*tattvamasi*), the individual self and the universal self are understood as one by disregarding their apparent conflicts. The verse emphasizes the importance of understanding the underlying unity by discarding surface-level differences. This highlights the core principle of Advaita Vedanta, which seeks to transcend apparent multiplicity to realize the essential unity of all existence.


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Latest revision as of 22:38, 7 March 2025

Sloka 248

Sloka (श्लोक)

स देवदत्तोऽयमितीह चैकता
विरुद्धधर्मांशमपास्य कथ्यते ।
यथा तथा तत्त्वमसीतिवाक्ये
विरुद्धधर्मानुभयत्र हित्वा ॥ २४८ ॥

पदच्छेद / Padaccheda

स देवदत्तः अयम् इतः च एकता
विरुद्ध-धर्म-अंशम् अपास्य कथ्यते ।
यथा तथा तत्त्वम् असि इति वाक्ये
विरुद्ध-धर्मान् उभयत्र हित्वा ॥

Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)

sa devadatto'ayam itīha caikatā
viruddha-dharmāṁśam apāsya kathyate |
yathā tathā tattvam asīti vākye
viruddha-dharmān ubhayatra hitvā || 248 ||

Translation (अनुवाद)

The oneness of "This is Devadatta" is expressed by ignoring contradictory attributes, just as in the statement "You are That", contradictory attributes are disregarded on both sides.

Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)

Sanskrit (संस्कृत) English Meaning (अर्थ) Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
स (sa) he वह
देवदत्तः (devadattaḥ) Devadatta देवदत्त
अयम् (ayam) this यह
इतः (itaḥ) here यहाँ
च (ca) and और
एकता (ekatā) oneness एकता
विरुद्ध-धर्म-अंशम् (viruddha-dharma-aṁśam) contradictory attributes विरोधी धर्मांश
अपास्य (apāsya) discarding हटाकर
कथ्यते (kathyate) is expressed कहा जाता है
यथा (yathā) just as जैसे
तथा (tathā) so उसी प्रकार
तत्त्वम् (tattvam) that वह
असि (asi) you are तुम हो
इति (iti) thus इस प्रकार
वाक्ये (vākye) in the statement वाक्य में
विरुद्ध-धर्मान् (viruddha-dharmān) contradictory attributes विरोधी धर्मों को
उभयत्र (ubhayatra) on both sides दोनों ओर
हित्वा (hitvā) disregarding छोड़कर

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
कर्ता (Subject) क्रिया (Verb) विधान (Object) अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
एकता कथ्यते विरुद्ध-धर्म-अंशम् अपास्य Oneness is expressed by discarding contradictory attributes. विरोधी धर्मों को हटाकर एकता कही जाती है।
तत्त्वमसि वाक्ये हित्वा विरुद्ध-धर्मान् उभयत्र In the "You are That" statement, by disregarding contradictory attributes on both sides. "तत्त्वमसि" वाक्य में दोनों ओर के विरोधी धर्मों को छोड़कर।

Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)

Categories (वर्गीकरण)

  • Non-duality
  • Spiritual Identity
  • Oneness

Commentary (टीका)

This verse highlights the concept of non-duality (*advaita*) by using a classic example from Vedantic philosophy. The sentence "This is Devadatta" exemplifies how, despite apparent contradictory attributes, an underlying oneness is recognized when such contradictions are set aside. Similarly, in the Chandogya Upanishad's famous phrase "तत्त्वमसि" (*tattvamasi*), the individual self and the universal self are understood as one by disregarding their apparent conflicts. The verse emphasizes the importance of understanding the underlying unity by discarding surface-level differences. This highlights the core principle of Advaita Vedanta, which seeks to transcend apparent multiplicity to realize the essential unity of all existence.

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