Sloka 278: Difference between revisions

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== Sloka 278 ==
== Sloka 278 ==
'''Original Text:'''
 
 
=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===
 
<pre>
<pre>
यत्रैष जगदाभासो दर्पणान्तः पुरं यथा ।  
तमो द्वाभ्यां रजः सत्त्वात्सत्त्वं शुद्धेन नश्यति ।
तद्ब्रह्माहमिति ज्ञात्वा कृतकृत्यो भविष्यसि ॥ २९१ ॥  
तस्मात्सत्त्वमवष्टभ्य स्वाध्यासापनयं कुरु ॥ २७८ ॥
</pre>
</pre>


- Transliteration:
=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
  yatraiṣa jagadābhāso darpaṇāntaḥ puraṁ yathā |
तमः द्वाभ्यां 
  tadbrahmāhamiti jñātvā kṛtakṛtyo bhaviṣyasi || 291 ||
रजः 
सत्त्वात् 
सत्त्वं 
शुद्धेन 
नश्यति 
तस्मात् 
सत्त्वम् 
अवष्टभ्य 
स्वाध्यासापनयम् 
कुरु 
 
=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
tamo dvābhyāṁ rajaḥ sattvāt sattvaṁ śuddhena naśyati |
tasmāt sattvam avaṣṭabhya svādhyāsāpanayaṁ kuru || 278 ||


- Translation:
=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
  "Where this universe appears like a city reflected within a mirror, having known 'I am that Brahman', you shall fulfill your purpose."
Darkness is destroyed by two things: passion by goodness, and goodness by purity. Therefore, firmly adhere to goodness and remove incorrect self-identification.


- Word Meanings:
=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
  * yatra - where
{| class="wikitable"
  * eṣaḥ - this
|-
  * jagadābhāsaḥ - appearance of the world
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
  * darpaṇa - mirror
|-
  * antaḥ - within
| तमः (tamaḥ) || darkness || अंधकार
  * puram - city
|-
  * yathā - like
| द्वाभ्यां (dvābhyāṁ) || by two || दो से
  * tat - that
|-
  * brahma - Brahman
| रजः (rajaḥ) || passion || रज
  * aham - I am
|-
  * iti - thus
| सत्त्वात् (sattvāt) || by goodness || सत्त्व के द्वारा
  * jñātvā - having known
|-
  * kṛtakṛtyaḥ - one who has done what is to be done; fulfilled
| सत्त्वं (sattvaṁ) || goodness || सत्त्व
  * bhaviṣyasi - you shall be
|-
| शुद्धेन (śuddhena) || by purity || शुद्धता से
|-
| नश्यति (naśyati) || is destroyed || नष्ट होता है
|-
| तस्मात् (tasmāt) || therefore || इसलिए
|-
| सत्त्वम् (sattvam) || goodness || सत्त्व
|-
| अवष्टभ्य (avaṣṭabhya) || adhering firmly || दृढ़ता से थामकर
|-
| स्वाध्यासापनयम् (svādhyāsāpanayam) || removal of incorrect self-identification || स्वाध्यास का अपनयन
|-
| कुरु (kuru) || do || करो
|}


- Commentary:
=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
  This sloka is a profound verse from the Advaita Vedanta tradition, which emphasizes the realization of the self's identity with Brahman, the ultimate reality. The analogy of the universe appearing like a city reflected in a mirror serves to illustrate the illusory and transient nature of the world. Just as images in a mirror do not have independent existence apart from the mirror, so too the world has no independent reality from Brahman. The reflection analogy highlights the doctrine of 'Maya' or illusion, where the phenomenal world is just an appearance.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| तमः || नश्यति || द्वाभ्यां || Darkness is destroyed by two. || अंधकार दो द्वारा नष्ट होता है।
|-
| रजः || नश्यति || सत्त्वात || Passion is destroyed by goodness. || रज सत्त्व से नष्ट होता है।
|-
| सत्त्वं || नश्यति || शुद्धेन || Goodness is destroyed by purity. || सत्त्व शुद्धता से नष्ट होता है।
|-
| (तुम) || कुरु || स्वाध्यासापनयम् || (You) remove incorrect self-identification. || (तुम) स्वाध्यास का अपनयन करो।
|}


  The term "tat brahma aham" (I am that Brahman) embodies the essence of the Mahāvākyas, the great declarations of the Upanishads, promoting non-dual realization. This realization dissolves the illusion of separateness and individual ego, leading to the state of 'kṛtakṛtya', meaning one who has accomplished all that needs to be achieved. According to Vedantic philosophy, the ultimate purpose of human life is to attain this self-realization, thus transcending the cycle of birth and rebirth and achieving liberation or Moksha.
=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[tamas|tamas (तमस्)]]
* [[rajas|rajas (रजस्)]]
* [[sattva|sattva (सत्त्व)]]
* [[śuddhi|śuddhi (शुद्धि)]]
* [[adhyāsa|adhyāsa (अध्यास)]]


  The verse suggests that true fulfillment is achieved not through external accomplishments but through the inner journey of recognizing one's true nature as non-different from the infinite and indivisible Brahman.
=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Purity
* Self-awareness
* Spiritual Practice
 
=== Commentary (टीका) ===
This sloka emphasizes the progression from darkness (''tamas'') to light, through the transformation of qualities (''guṇas''). It describes the hierarchy where ''rajas'' (passion) is overcome by ''sattva'' (goodness), while ''sattva'' itself is purified by ''śuddhi'' (purity). The instruction is to strengthen one’s adherence to ''sattva'' while conscientiously eliminating ''adhyāsa'' (false self-identification), which is the root of spiritual ignorance. This process leads to greater self-awareness and liberation from binding tendencies. It underlines the essence of Vedantic practice, where self-refinement is a continuous process, driven by an internal shift towards higher states of consciousness.


'''
'''
Further Readings:'''
* [[Vedanta]]
* [[Vivekachudamani]]

Latest revision as of 00:42, 1 February 2025

Sloka 278

Sloka (श्लोक)

तमो द्वाभ्यां रजः सत्त्वात्सत्त्वं शुद्धेन नश्यति ।
तस्मात्सत्त्वमवष्टभ्य स्वाध्यासापनयं कुरु ॥ २७८ ॥

पदच्छेद / Padaccheda

तमः द्वाभ्यां रजः सत्त्वात् सत्त्वं शुद्धेन नश्यति तस्मात् सत्त्वम् अवष्टभ्य स्वाध्यासापनयम् कुरु

Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)

tamo dvābhyāṁ rajaḥ sattvāt sattvaṁ śuddhena naśyati | tasmāt sattvam avaṣṭabhya svādhyāsāpanayaṁ kuru || 278 ||

Translation (अनुवाद)

Darkness is destroyed by two things: passion by goodness, and goodness by purity. Therefore, firmly adhere to goodness and remove incorrect self-identification.

Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)

Sanskrit (संस्कृत) English Meaning (अर्थ) Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
तमः (tamaḥ) darkness अंधकार
द्वाभ्यां (dvābhyāṁ) by two दो से
रजः (rajaḥ) passion रज
सत्त्वात् (sattvāt) by goodness सत्त्व के द्वारा
सत्त्वं (sattvaṁ) goodness सत्त्व
शुद्धेन (śuddhena) by purity शुद्धता से
नश्यति (naśyati) is destroyed नष्ट होता है
तस्मात् (tasmāt) therefore इसलिए
सत्त्वम् (sattvam) goodness सत्त्व
अवष्टभ्य (avaṣṭabhya) adhering firmly दृढ़ता से थामकर
स्वाध्यासापनयम् (svādhyāsāpanayam) removal of incorrect self-identification स्वाध्यास का अपनयन
कुरु (kuru) do करो

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
कर्ता (Subject) क्रिया (Verb) विधान (Object) अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
तमः नश्यति द्वाभ्यां Darkness is destroyed by two. अंधकार दो द्वारा नष्ट होता है।
रजः नश्यति सत्त्वात Passion is destroyed by goodness. रज सत्त्व से नष्ट होता है।
सत्त्वं नश्यति शुद्धेन Goodness is destroyed by purity. सत्त्व शुद्धता से नष्ट होता है।
(तुम) कुरु स्वाध्यासापनयम् (You) remove incorrect self-identification. (तुम) स्वाध्यास का अपनयन करो।

Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)

Categories (वर्गीकरण)

  • Purity
  • Self-awareness
  • Spiritual Practice

Commentary (टीका)

This sloka emphasizes the progression from darkness (tamas) to light, through the transformation of qualities (guṇas). It describes the hierarchy where rajas (passion) is overcome by sattva (goodness), while sattva itself is purified by śuddhi (purity). The instruction is to strengthen one’s adherence to sattva while conscientiously eliminating adhyāsa (false self-identification), which is the root of spiritual ignorance. This process leads to greater self-awareness and liberation from binding tendencies. It underlines the essence of Vedantic practice, where self-refinement is a continuous process, driven by an internal shift towards higher states of consciousness.

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