Sloka 116: Difference between revisions

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== Sloka 116 ==
== Sloka 116 ==
'''Original Text:'''
 
 
=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===
 
<pre>
<pre>
मिश्रस्य सत्त्वस्य भवन्ति धर्माः
अज्ञानमालस्यजडत्वनिद्रा
त्वमानिताद्या नियमा यमाद्याः ।  
प्रमादमूढत्वमुखास्तमोगुणाः ।
श्रद्धा च भक्तिश्च मुमुक्षता च
एतैः प्रयुक्तो नहि वेत्ति किंचिन्
दैवी च सम्पत्तिरसन्निवृत्तिः ॥ ११८ ॥  
निद्रालुवत्स्तम्भवदेव तिष्ठति ॥ ११६ ॥
</pre>
</pre>


Certainly! Here is the detailed breakdown of the sloka provided:
=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
अज्ञान-मालस्य-जडत्व-निद्रा<br />
प्रमाद-मूढत्व-मुखाः-तमो-गुणाः ।<br />
एतैः-प्रयुक्तः-न-हि-वेत्ति-किंचन<br />
निद्रालुः-वत्-स्तम्भवत्-एव-तिष्ठति ॥


- **Transliteration:**
=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
  miśrasya sattvasya bhavanti dharmāḥ
ajñāna-mālasya-jaḍatva-nidrā<br />
  tvamānityādyā niyamā yamādyāḥ |
pramāda-mūḍhatva-mukhāḥ-tamo-guṇāḥ |<br />
  śraddhā ca bhaktiśca mumukṣatā ca
etaiḥ-prayuktaḥ-na-hi-vetti-kiṁcana<br />
  daivī ca sampattirasannivṛttiḥ || 118 ||
nidrāluḥ-vat-stambhavat-eva-tiṣṭhati ||


- **Translation:**
=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
  The qualities that arise from the mixed (sattva) nature are the virtues such as absence of pride, self-discipline and restraint, faith and devotion, the desire for liberation, and the divine wealth that consists of the cessation of evil.
Bound by ignorance and lethargy, the qualities of darkness like delusion and folly dominate, rendering one unaware, as immobile as one in deep sleep.


- **Word Meanings:**
=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
  * miśrasya - mixed
{| class="wikitable"
  * sattvasya - of nature
|-
  * bhavanti - become, arise
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
  * dharmāḥ - virtues, qualities
|-
  * tvamānita-ādyā - such as absence of pride
| अज्ञान (ajñāna) || ignorance || अज्ञान
  * niyamāḥ - self-disciplines
|-
  * yamādyāḥ - restraint, controls
| मालस्य (mālasya) || lethargy || आलस्य
  * śraddhā - faith
|-
  * bhaktiḥ - devotion
| जडत्व (jaḍatva) || insensibility || जड़ता
  * ca - and
|-
  * mumukṣatā - desire for liberation
| निद्रा (nidrā) || sleep || निद्रा
  * ca - and
|-
  * daivī - divine
| प्रमाद (pramāda) || negligence || प्रमाद
  * ca - and
|-
  * sampattiḥ - wealth
| मूढत्व (mūḍhatva) || folly || मूर्खता
  * asat-nivṛttiḥ - cessation of evil
|-
| मुखाः (mukhāḥ) || beginning || अग्रगण्य
|-
| तमो-गुणाः (tamo-guṇāḥ) || qualities of darkness || तमोगुण
|-
| एतैः (etaiḥ) || by these || इनसे
|-
| प्रयुक्तः (prayuktaḥ) || engaged || लगाए हुए
|-
| न (na) || not || नहीं
|-
| हि (hi) || indeed || वास्तव में
|-
| वेत्ति (vetti) || knows || जानता
|-
| किंचन (kiṁcana) || anything || कुछ भी
|-
| निद्रालुः-वत् (nidrāluḥ-vat) || like one in deep sleep || निद्रालु के समान
|-
| स्तम्भवत्-एव (stambhavat-eva) || indeed like (a pillar) || स्तम्भ के समान ही
|-
| तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) || stands || खड़ा रहता है
|}


- **Commentary:**
=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
  This sloka expounds the virtues that manifest from a 'miśra' or mixed nature primarily dominated by 'sattva,' the quality that leans towards purity and calmness amidst creation. Such a character brings forth various virtuous traits critical in one's spiritual journey. Primarily, absence of pride and ego ('tvamānita') is highlighted as an essential trait. The practice of 'niyama' and 'yama,' which are foundational aspects of self-discipline and moral restraint in yogic tradition, are indicative of controlling desires and fostering ethical living.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| तमो-गुणाः || प्रयुक्तः || जन || The qualities of darkness engage a person. || तमोगुण व्यक्ति को जोड़ते हैं।
|-
| व्यक्ति || न वेत्ति || किंचन || The person does not know anything. || व्यक्ति कुछ नहीं जानता।
|-
| व्यक्ति || तिष्ठति || स्तम्भवत् || The person stands like a pillar. || व्यक्ति स्तम्भ के समान खड़ा रहता है।
|}


  Further, the emphasis on 'śraddhā' (faith) and 'bhakti' (devotion) underscores the necessity of a deeply rooted belief system and a loving devotion towards the divine, both being paths leading to self-realization and transcendence. 'Mumukṣatā,' the yearning for liberation (moksha), acts as a powerful internal drive that guides individuals toward spiritual growth, emphasizing liberation as the ultimate life goal.
=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[ajñāna|ajñāna (अज्ञान)]]
* [[mālasya|mālasya (आलस्य)]]
* [[tamo-guṇa|tamo-guṇa (तमोगुण)]]
* [[nidrālu|nidrālu (निद्रालु)]]


  Finally, the reference to 'daivī sampattiḥ' (divine wealth), including the 'asat-nivṛttiḥ' (cessation of evil), marks the culmination of righteous living where positive attributes flourish, and negative tendencies are eradicated. This transformative process aligns with the pursuit of a higher spiritual status, where one's character imbued with these attributes mirrors the balance and harmony integral to the teachings of dharma. Therefore, these virtues collectively nurture one's path to enlightenment and heavenly existence, as prescribed in Vedantic philosophy.
=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Ignorance
* Inertia
* Delusion
 
=== Commentary (टीका) ===
This verse describes the overwhelming influence of *tamo-guṇa*, the quality of darkness, on human consciousness. Characteristics such as ignorance (*ajñāna*), lethargy (*mālasya*), insensibility (*jaḍatva*), and folly (*mūḍhatva*) culminate in a state where the individual loses awareness, metaphorically compared to deep sleep. The loss of discernment and the inability to act reflect the paralytic nature of this mode, suggesting the spiritual inertia that needs awakening by insight and self-awareness. This discussion highlights the significance of rising above the *tamo-guṇa* for spiritual progress.


'''
'''
Further Readings:'''
* [[Vedanta]]
* [[Vivekachudamani]]

Latest revision as of 16:14, 7 January 2025

Sloka 116

Sloka (श्लोक)

अज्ञानमालस्यजडत्वनिद्रा
प्रमादमूढत्वमुखास्तमोगुणाः ।
एतैः प्रयुक्तो नहि वेत्ति किंचिन्
निद्रालुवत्स्तम्भवदेव तिष्ठति ॥ ११६ ॥

पदच्छेद / Padaccheda

अज्ञान-मालस्य-जडत्व-निद्रा
प्रमाद-मूढत्व-मुखाः-तमो-गुणाः ।
एतैः-प्रयुक्तः-न-हि-वेत्ति-किंचन
निद्रालुः-वत्-स्तम्भवत्-एव-तिष्ठति ॥

Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)

ajñāna-mālasya-jaḍatva-nidrā
pramāda-mūḍhatva-mukhāḥ-tamo-guṇāḥ |
etaiḥ-prayuktaḥ-na-hi-vetti-kiṁcana
nidrāluḥ-vat-stambhavat-eva-tiṣṭhati ||

Translation (अनुवाद)

Bound by ignorance and lethargy, the qualities of darkness like delusion and folly dominate, rendering one unaware, as immobile as one in deep sleep.

Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)

Sanskrit (संस्कृत) English Meaning (अर्थ) Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
अज्ञान (ajñāna) ignorance अज्ञान
मालस्य (mālasya) lethargy आलस्य
जडत्व (jaḍatva) insensibility जड़ता
निद्रा (nidrā) sleep निद्रा
प्रमाद (pramāda) negligence प्रमाद
मूढत्व (mūḍhatva) folly मूर्खता
मुखाः (mukhāḥ) beginning अग्रगण्य
तमो-गुणाः (tamo-guṇāḥ) qualities of darkness तमोगुण
एतैः (etaiḥ) by these इनसे
प्रयुक्तः (prayuktaḥ) engaged लगाए हुए
न (na) not नहीं
हि (hi) indeed वास्तव में
वेत्ति (vetti) knows जानता
किंचन (kiṁcana) anything कुछ भी
निद्रालुः-वत् (nidrāluḥ-vat) like one in deep sleep निद्रालु के समान
स्तम्भवत्-एव (stambhavat-eva) indeed like (a pillar) स्तम्भ के समान ही
तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) stands खड़ा रहता है

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
कर्ता (Subject) क्रिया (Verb) विधान (Object) अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
तमो-गुणाः प्रयुक्तः जन The qualities of darkness engage a person. तमोगुण व्यक्ति को जोड़ते हैं।
व्यक्ति न वेत्ति किंचन The person does not know anything. व्यक्ति कुछ नहीं जानता।
व्यक्ति तिष्ठति स्तम्भवत् The person stands like a pillar. व्यक्ति स्तम्भ के समान खड़ा रहता है।

Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)

Categories (वर्गीकरण)

  • Ignorance
  • Inertia
  • Delusion

Commentary (टीका)

This verse describes the overwhelming influence of *tamo-guṇa*, the quality of darkness, on human consciousness. Characteristics such as ignorance (*ajñāna*), lethargy (*mālasya*), insensibility (*jaḍatva*), and folly (*mūḍhatva*) culminate in a state where the individual loses awareness, metaphorically compared to deep sleep. The loss of discernment and the inability to act reflect the paralytic nature of this mode, suggesting the spiritual inertia that needs awakening by insight and self-awareness. This discussion highlights the significance of rising above the *tamo-guṇa* for spiritual progress.

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