Sloka 116
Sloka 116
Sloka (श्लोक)
अज्ञानमालस्यजडत्वनिद्रा प्रमादमूढत्वमुखास्तमोगुणाः । एतैः प्रयुक्तो नहि वेत्ति किंचिन् निद्रालुवत्स्तम्भवदेव तिष्ठति ॥ ११६ ॥
पदच्छेद / Padaccheda
अज्ञान-मालस्य-जडत्व-निद्रा
प्रमाद-मूढत्व-मुखाः-तमो-गुणाः ।
एतैः-प्रयुक्तः-न-हि-वेत्ति-किंचन
निद्रालुः-वत्-स्तम्भवत्-एव-तिष्ठति ॥
Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)
ajñāna-mālasya-jaḍatva-nidrā
pramāda-mūḍhatva-mukhāḥ-tamo-guṇāḥ |
etaiḥ-prayuktaḥ-na-hi-vetti-kiṁcana
nidrāluḥ-vat-stambhavat-eva-tiṣṭhati ||
Translation (अनुवाद)
Bound by ignorance and lethargy, the qualities of darkness like delusion and folly dominate, rendering one unaware, as immobile as one in deep sleep.
Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)
| Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Meaning (अर्थ) | Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ) |
|---|---|---|
| अज्ञान (ajñāna) | ignorance | अज्ञान |
| मालस्य (mālasya) | lethargy | आलस्य |
| जडत्व (jaḍatva) | insensibility | जड़ता |
| निद्रा (nidrā) | sleep | निद्रा |
| प्रमाद (pramāda) | negligence | प्रमाद |
| मूढत्व (mūḍhatva) | folly | मूर्खता |
| मुखाः (mukhāḥ) | beginning | अग्रगण्य |
| तमो-गुणाः (tamo-guṇāḥ) | qualities of darkness | तमोगुण |
| एतैः (etaiḥ) | by these | इनसे |
| प्रयुक्तः (prayuktaḥ) | engaged | लगाए हुए |
| न (na) | not | नहीं |
| हि (hi) | indeed | वास्तव में |
| वेत्ति (vetti) | knows | जानता |
| किंचन (kiṁcana) | anything | कुछ भी |
| निद्रालुः-वत् (nidrāluḥ-vat) | like one in deep sleep | निद्रालु के समान |
| स्तम्भवत्-एव (stambhavat-eva) | indeed like (a pillar) | स्तम्भ के समान ही |
| तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) | stands | खड़ा रहता है |
कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples
| कर्ता (Subject) | क्रिया (Verb) | विधान (Object) | अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation | हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| तमो-गुणाः | प्रयुक्तः | जन | The qualities of darkness engage a person. | तमोगुण व्यक्ति को जोड़ते हैं। |
| व्यक्ति | न वेत्ति | किंचन | The person does not know anything. | व्यक्ति कुछ नहीं जानता। |
| व्यक्ति | तिष्ठति | स्तम्भवत् | The person stands like a pillar. | व्यक्ति स्तम्भ के समान खड़ा रहता है। |
Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)
Categories (वर्गीकरण)
- Ignorance
- Inertia
- Delusion
Commentary (टीका)
This verse describes the overwhelming influence of *tamo-guṇa*, the quality of darkness, on human consciousness. Characteristics such as ignorance (*ajñāna*), lethargy (*mālasya*), insensibility (*jaḍatva*), and folly (*mūḍhatva*) culminate in a state where the individual loses awareness, metaphorically compared to deep sleep. The loss of discernment and the inability to act reflect the paralytic nature of this mode, suggesting the spiritual inertia that needs awakening by insight and self-awareness. This discussion highlights the significance of rising above the *tamo-guṇa* for spiritual progress.