Sloka 111: Difference between revisions

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== Sloka 111 ==
== Sloka 111 ==
'''Original Text:'''
 
 
 
=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===
 
<pre>
<pre>
एषावृतिर्नाम तमोगुणस्य
विक्षेपशक्ती रजसः क्रियात्मिका
शक्तिर्मया वस्त्ववभासतेऽन्यथा ।  
यतः प्रवृत्तिः प्रसृता पुराणी ।
सैषा निदानं पुरुषस्य संसृतेः
रागादयोऽस्याः प्रभवन्ति नित्यं
विक्षेपशक्तेः प्रवणस्य हेतुः ॥ ११३ ॥  
दुःखादयो ये मनसो विकाराः ॥ १११ ॥
</pre>
</pre>


Certainly! Here is the analysis of the given śloka:
=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
विक्षेपशक्ती रजसः क्रियात्मिका 
यतः प्रवृत्तिः प्रसृता पुराणी 
रागादयः अस्याः प्रभवन्ति नित्यम् 
दुःखादयः ये मनसः विकाराः 


- **Transliteration:**
=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
  eṣā vṛtir nāma tamo-guṇasya śaktir mayā vastv avabhāsate ’nyathā। saiṣā nidānaṁ puruṣasya saṁsṛteḥ vikṣepa-śakteḥ pravaṇasya hetuḥ॥ 113॥
vikṣepaśaktī rajasaḥ kriyātmikā 
yataḥ pravṛttiḥ prasṛtā purāṇī | 
rāgādayo'syāḥ prabhavanti nityaṁ 
duḥkhādayo ye manaso vikārāḥ || 111 ||


- **Translation:**
=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
  This covering, known as the power of the quality of darkness (tamas), makes the reality appear otherwise. It is the cause of the transmigration of the soul and is the reason for its predisposition to delusion.
The restless nature of Rajas is action-driven, from which ancient activities arise. From this (nature), desires and other eternal modifications of the mind like suffering originate.


- **Word Meanings:**
=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
  * **eṣā** - this
{| class="wikitable"
  * **vṛtiḥ** - covering, modification
|-
  * **nāma** - by name, named
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
  * **tamo-guṇasya** - of the quality of darkness (tamas)
|-
  * **śaktiḥ** - power
| विक्षेपशक्ती (vikṣepaśaktī) || restless power || चंचल शक्ति
  * **mayā** - by me
|-
  * **vastu** - the real, the reality, the object
| रजसः (rajasaḥ) || of Rajas || रजोगुण का
  * **avabhāsate** - appears, seems
|-
  * **anyathā** - otherwise, different
| क्रियात्मिका (kriyātmikā) || action-driven || कर्मयुक्त
  * **saiṣā** - this same one
|-
  * **nidānam** - cause, root
| यतः (yataḥ) || from which || जिससे
  * **puruṣasya** - of the soul, of the person
|-
  * **saṁsṛteḥ** - of transmigration, of the cycle of birth and death
| प्रवृत्तिः (pravṛttiḥ) || activity || प्रवृत्ति
  * **vikṣepa-śakteḥ** - of the projecting power
|-
  * **pravaṇasya** - inclined, predisposed
| प्रसृता (prasṛtā) || arises || फैलती है
  * **hetuḥ** - cause, reason
|-
| पुराणी (purāṇī) || ancient || पुरानी
|-
| रागादयः (rāgādayaḥ) || desires, etc. || राग आदि
|-
| अस्याः (asyāḥ) || of this || इसकी
|-
| प्रभवन्ति (prabhavanti) || originate || उत्पन्न होते हैं
|-
| नित्यम् (nityam) || eternally || नित्य
|-
| दुःखादयः (duḥkhādayaḥ) || sufferings, etc. || दुःख आदि
|-
| ये (ye) || which || जो
|-
| मनसः (manasaḥ) || of the mind || मन के
|-
| विकाराः (vikārāḥ) || modifications || विकार
|}


- **Commentary:**
=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
  This śloka delves into the concept of ignorance and illusion within Vedantic philosophy. The term 'tamo-guṇa', referring to the quality of darkness or ignorance, represents the aspect of reality that veils the true nature of things. In Vedanta, tamas is one of the three guṇas or qualities that bind the soul to the cycle of birth and death, along with rajas (activity, passion) and sattva (purity, knowledge). The 'vṛti' or covering caused by tamas distorts one's perception, leading to a misunderstanding or misapprehension of reality ('vastu').
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| रजसः || प्रसृता || प्रवृत्तिः || Activity arises from Rajas. || प्रवृत्ति रजस से फैलती है।
|-
| रजसः || प्रभवन्ति || रागादयः || Desires originate from Rajas. || राग आदि रजस से उत्पन्न होते हैं।
|-
| विक्लिन् मनः || प्रभवन्ति || दुःखादयः || Sufferings manifest in the agitated mind. || विकारी मन में दुःख आदि प्रकट होते हैं।
|}


The śloka explains how ignorance, through its covering power ('āvaraṇa śakti'), makes reality appear to us as something different ('anyathā'), which is a fundamental cause of human delusion and suffering. The soul ('puruṣa'), bound by this delusion, experiences continual transmigration or 'saṁsāra', caught in a cycle of birth and rebirth. This continuous process is also propelled by the 'vikṣepa śakti', the projecting power that manifests as desires, actions, and the multiplicity of phenomena.
=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[Rajas|Rajas (रजस)]]
* [[Vikṣepaśakti|Vikṣepaśakti (विक्षेपशक्ति)]]
* [[Kriyātmikā|Kriyātmikā (क्रियात्मिका)]]
* [[Pravṛtti|Pravṛtti (प्रवृत्ति)]]
* [[Vikāra|Vikāra (विकार)]]


The mention of 'nidānam' indicates that this ignorance is the very root cause of existence within saṁsāra, suggesting that liberation (mokṣa) can only be attained by overcoming this ignorance. This highlights the Vedantic emphasis on self-knowledge and the transcendence of guṇas as crucial steps toward realizing the ultimate truth, the non-dual Brahman. The sloka serves as a reminder of the importance of cultivating wisdom and discernment to see beyond the veils of maya (illusion) and to recognize the true nature of the self.
=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Gunas (गुण)
* Mind (मन)
* Emotions (भावनाएँ)
* Suffering (दुःख)
 
=== Commentary (टीका) ===
This sloka delves into the dynamic nature of ''Rajas'', one of the three gunas (''sattva'', ''rajas'', ''tamas'') in Vedantic philosophy. It highlights how ''rajas'' drives activity (''kriyātmikā'') and results in ancient and continuous (''purāṇī'') expressions of desires (''rāga'') and other emotional modifications (''vikāra'') like suffering (''duḥkha''). The term ''vikṣepaśakti'' emphasizes the restless and agitated state induced by ''rajas'', leading to the mind's perpetual unrest. Understanding this helps in the spiritual quest to transcend such modifications and achieve inner peace.


'''
'''
Further Readings:'''
* [[Vedanta]]
* [[Vivekachudamani]]

Latest revision as of 16:12, 7 January 2025

Sloka 111

Sloka (श्लोक)

विक्षेपशक्ती रजसः क्रियात्मिका
यतः प्रवृत्तिः प्रसृता पुराणी ।
रागादयोऽस्याः प्रभवन्ति नित्यं
दुःखादयो ये मनसो विकाराः ॥ १११ ॥

पदच्छेद / Padaccheda

विक्षेपशक्ती रजसः क्रियात्मिका यतः प्रवृत्तिः प्रसृता पुराणी रागादयः अस्याः प्रभवन्ति नित्यम् दुःखादयः ये मनसः विकाराः

Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)

vikṣepaśaktī rajasaḥ kriyātmikā yataḥ pravṛttiḥ prasṛtā purāṇī | rāgādayo'syāḥ prabhavanti nityaṁ duḥkhādayo ye manaso vikārāḥ || 111 ||

Translation (अनुवाद)

The restless nature of Rajas is action-driven, from which ancient activities arise. From this (nature), desires and other eternal modifications of the mind like suffering originate.

Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)

Sanskrit (संस्कृत) English Meaning (अर्थ) Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
विक्षेपशक्ती (vikṣepaśaktī) restless power चंचल शक्ति
रजसः (rajasaḥ) of Rajas रजोगुण का
क्रियात्मिका (kriyātmikā) action-driven कर्मयुक्त
यतः (yataḥ) from which जिससे
प्रवृत्तिः (pravṛttiḥ) activity प्रवृत्ति
प्रसृता (prasṛtā) arises फैलती है
पुराणी (purāṇī) ancient पुरानी
रागादयः (rāgādayaḥ) desires, etc. राग आदि
अस्याः (asyāḥ) of this इसकी
प्रभवन्ति (prabhavanti) originate उत्पन्न होते हैं
नित्यम् (nityam) eternally नित्य
दुःखादयः (duḥkhādayaḥ) sufferings, etc. दुःख आदि
ये (ye) which जो
मनसः (manasaḥ) of the mind मन के
विकाराः (vikārāḥ) modifications विकार

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
कर्ता (Subject) क्रिया (Verb) विधान (Object) अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
रजसः प्रसृता प्रवृत्तिः Activity arises from Rajas. प्रवृत्ति रजस से फैलती है।
रजसः प्रभवन्ति रागादयः Desires originate from Rajas. राग आदि रजस से उत्पन्न होते हैं।
विक्लिन् मनः प्रभवन्ति दुःखादयः Sufferings manifest in the agitated mind. विकारी मन में दुःख आदि प्रकट होते हैं।

Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)

Categories (वर्गीकरण)

  • Gunas (गुण)
  • Mind (मन)
  • Emotions (भावनाएँ)
  • Suffering (दुःख)

Commentary (टीका)

This sloka delves into the dynamic nature of Rajas, one of the three gunas (sattva, rajas, tamas) in Vedantic philosophy. It highlights how rajas drives activity (kriyātmikā) and results in ancient and continuous (purāṇī) expressions of desires (rāga) and other emotional modifications (vikāra) like suffering (duḥkha). The term vikṣepaśakti emphasizes the restless and agitated state induced by rajas, leading to the mind's perpetual unrest. Understanding this helps in the spiritual quest to transcend such modifications and achieve inner peace.

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