Sloka 104: Difference between revisions

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== Sloka 104 ==
== Sloka 104 ==
'''Original Text:'''
 
 
=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===
 
<pre>
<pre>
आत्मार्थत्वेन हि प्रेयान्विषयो न स्वतः प्रियः ।  
अहंकारः स विज्ञेयः कर्ता भोक्ताभिमान्ययम् ।
स्वत एव हि सर्वेषामात्मा प्रियतमो यतः
सत्त्वादिगुणयोगेन चावस्थात्रयमश्नुते ॥ १0४ ॥
तत आत्मा सदानन्दो नास्य दुःखं कदाचन ॥ १0६ ॥  
</pre>
</pre>


Certainly! Let's delve into the given sloka.
=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
अहंकारः | स | विज्ञेयः | कर्ता | भोक्ता | अभिमानी | अयम् |
सत्त्व-आदि-गुण-योगेन | च | अवस्थात्रयम् | अश्नुते


- **Transliteration:**
=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
  Ātmārthatvena hi preyānviṣayo na svataḥ priyaḥ। 
ahaṅkāraḥ sa vijñeyaḥ kartā bhoktābhimānyayam | sattvādi-guṇa-yogena cāvasthā-trayam aśnute || 104 ||
  Svata eva hi sarveṣāmātmā priyatamo yataḥ 
  Tata ātmā sadānando nāsya duḥkhaṃ kadācana॥ 106॥


- **Translation:**
=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
  Indeed, objects of desire are dear for the sake of the Self, not for their own sake. For the Self alone is most dear to all. Therefore, the Self is ever-blissful and never experiences sorrow at any time.
This ego is to be understood as the doer, the experiencer, and the possessor of the sense of 'I'; it experiences the three states of being through the association with qualities like sattva.


- **Word Meanings:**
=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
  * आत्मार्थत्वेन (ātmārthatvena) - for the sake of the Self
{| class="wikitable"
  * हि (hi) - indeed
|-
  * प्रेयान् (preyān) - dear
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
  * विषयः (viṣayaḥ) - objects of desire
|-
  * न (na) - not
| अहंकारः (ahaṅkāraḥ) || ego || अहंकार
  * स्वतः (svataḥ) - by themselves
|-
  * प्रियः (priyaḥ) - dear
| स (sa) || this || यह
  * स्वतः एव (svata eva) - by itself alone
|-
  * सर्वेषाम् (sarveṣām) - for all
| विज्ञेयः (vijñeyaḥ) || to be understood || जानने योग्य
  * आत्मा (ātmā) - the Self
|-
  * प्रियतमः (priyatamaḥ) - most dear
| कर्ता (kartā) || doer || करने वाला
  * यतः (yataḥ) - because
|-
  * तत (tata) - therefore
| भोक्ता (bhoktā) || experiencer || भोग करने वाला
  * आत्मा (ātmā) - the Self
|-
  * सदानन्दः (sadānandaḥ) - ever-blissful
| अभिमानी (abhimānī) || possessor of the sense of 'I' || 'मैं' का अभिमानी
  * न (na) - not
|-
  * अस्य (asya) - his/its
| अयम् (ayam) || this || यह
  * दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow/pain
|-
  * कदाचन (kadācana) - at any time
| सत्त्व-आदि-गुण-योगेन (sattvādi-guṇa-yogena) || through association with qualities like sattva || सत्त्व आदि गुणों के योग से
|-
| च (ca) || and || और
|-
| अवस्थात्रयम् (avasthā-trayam) || three states || तीन अवस्थाएँ
|-
| अश्नुते (aśnute) || experiences || अनुभव करता है
|}


- **Commentary:**
=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
  This verse beautifully articulates a core philosophical insight found in Vedanta: the intrinsic nature of the Self (ātman) as the ultimate source of all value and the most beloved entity. It asserts that all external objects, which are conventionally perceived as sources of pleasure or contentment, are actually dear because of their connection to the Self. This reflects the idea that human affection toward worldly objects and experiences is essentially an indirect quest for the joy inherent in one's own true nature.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| अहंकारः || विज्ञेयः || (अहंकारः) || Ego is to be known. || अहंकार को जानने योग्य है।
|-
| अहंकारः || अश्नुते || अवस्थात्रयम् || Ego experiences the three states. || अहंकार तीन अवस्थाओं का अनुभव करता है।
|}


  The statement that the Self is "ever-blissful" and never experiences sorrow underscores a fundamental Vedantic teaching—that the true Self is beyond the dualities of pleasure and pain. The transient nature of worldly pleasures contrasts with the eternal, unchanging bliss of the Self. This non-dualistic view posits that identifying with objects or temporary states leads to suffering, while realization of one's true Self leads to liberation (moksha) and enduring happiness.
=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[ahaṅkāra|ahaṅkāra (अहंकार)]]
* [[sattva|sattva (सत्त्व)]]
* [[avasthā|avasthā-traya (अवस्थात्रय)]]
* [[guṇa|guṇa (गुण)]]


  In practice, this understanding encourages a shift in focus from external attachments to a deeper introspection and inner awakening, recognizing that true fulfillment is already present within the essence of one's being. This sloka affirms that in the realization of the Self, all desires are transcended, leading to the ultimate peace and joy.
=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Ego
* States of Being
* Qualities
 
=== Commentary (टीका) ===
In this verse, the concept of *ahaṅkāra* or ego is crucial, as it plays the role of the doer (*kartā*), the experiencer (*bhoktā*), and is encapsulated in the *abhimānī*, the sense of self or 'I'. The ego is intricately associated with the *guṇas* (qualities) like *sattva* (purity), *rajas* (activity), and *tamas* (inertia), which manifest as the three states of consciousness: waking, dreaming, and deep sleep. The verse points to the role of ego as the interface between pure consciousness and the practical experience, embodying the spiritual and psychological dimensions of existence.


'''
'''
Further Readings:'''
* [[Vedanta]]
* [[Vivekachudamani]]

Latest revision as of 16:10, 7 January 2025

Sloka 104

Sloka (श्लोक)

अहंकारः स विज्ञेयः कर्ता भोक्ताभिमान्ययम् ।
सत्त्वादिगुणयोगेन चावस्थात्रयमश्नुते ॥ १0४ ॥

पदच्छेद / Padaccheda

अहंकारः | स | विज्ञेयः | कर्ता | भोक्ता | अभिमानी | अयम् | सत्त्व-आदि-गुण-योगेन | च | अवस्थात्रयम् | अश्नुते

Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)

ahaṅkāraḥ sa vijñeyaḥ kartā bhoktābhimānyayam | sattvādi-guṇa-yogena cāvasthā-trayam aśnute || 104 ||

Translation (अनुवाद)

This ego is to be understood as the doer, the experiencer, and the possessor of the sense of 'I'; it experiences the three states of being through the association with qualities like sattva.

Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)

Sanskrit (संस्कृत) English Meaning (अर्थ) Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
अहंकारः (ahaṅkāraḥ) ego अहंकार
स (sa) this यह
विज्ञेयः (vijñeyaḥ) to be understood जानने योग्य
कर्ता (kartā) doer करने वाला
भोक्ता (bhoktā) experiencer भोग करने वाला
अभिमानी (abhimānī) possessor of the sense of 'I' 'मैं' का अभिमानी
अयम् (ayam) this यह
सत्त्व-आदि-गुण-योगेन (sattvādi-guṇa-yogena) through association with qualities like sattva सत्त्व आदि गुणों के योग से
च (ca) and और
अवस्थात्रयम् (avasthā-trayam) three states तीन अवस्थाएँ
अश्नुते (aśnute) experiences अनुभव करता है

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
कर्ता (Subject) क्रिया (Verb) विधान (Object) अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
अहंकारः विज्ञेयः (अहंकारः) Ego is to be known. अहंकार को जानने योग्य है।
अहंकारः अश्नुते अवस्थात्रयम् Ego experiences the three states. अहंकार तीन अवस्थाओं का अनुभव करता है।

Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)

Categories (वर्गीकरण)

  • Ego
  • States of Being
  • Qualities

Commentary (टीका)

In this verse, the concept of *ahaṅkāra* or ego is crucial, as it plays the role of the doer (*kartā*), the experiencer (*bhoktā*), and is encapsulated in the *abhimānī*, the sense of self or 'I'. The ego is intricately associated with the *guṇas* (qualities) like *sattva* (purity), *rajas* (activity), and *tamas* (inertia), which manifest as the three states of consciousness: waking, dreaming, and deep sleep. The verse points to the role of ego as the interface between pure consciousness and the practical experience, embodying the spiritual and psychological dimensions of existence.

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