Sloka 112: Difference between revisions

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== Sloka 112 ==
== Sloka 112 ==
'''Original Text:'''
 
 
=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===
 
<pre>
<pre>
प्रज्ञावानपि पण्डितोऽपि चतुरोऽप्यत्यन्तसूक्ष्मात्मदृग्
कामः क्रोधो लोभदम्भाद्यसूया
व्यालीढस्तमसा न वेत्ति बहुधा संबोधितोऽपि स्फुटम् ।  
अहंकारेर्ष्यामत्सराद्यास्तु घोराः ।
भ्रान्त्यारोपितमेव साधु कलयत्यालम्बते तद्गुणान्
धर्मा एते राजसाः पुम्प्रवृत्तिः
हन्तासौ प्रबला दुरन्ततमसः शक्तिर्महत्यावृतिः ॥ ११४ ॥  
यस्मादेषा तद्रजो बन्धहेतुः ॥ ११२ ॥
</pre>
</pre>


Certainly! Here's the analysis of the given sloka:
=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
कामः क्रोधः लोभ-दम्भ-अदि-असूया 
अहंकार-ईर्ष्या-मत्सर-आद्याः तु घोराः । 
धर्माः एते राजसाः पुम्प्रवृत्तिः 
यस्मात् एषः तत् रजः बन्ध-हेतुः ॥


- **Transliteration:**
=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
  prajñāvān api paṇḍito'pi chaturo'py atyanta-sūkṣmātma-dṛg
kāmaḥ krodho lobha-dambhādy-asūyā 
  vyālīḍhas tamasā na vetti bahudhā sambodhito'pi sphuṭam ।
ahaṅkārerṣyā-matsarādyāstu ghorāḥ | 
  bhrāntyāropitam eva sādhu kalayaty ālambate tad-guṇān
dharmā ete rājasāḥ pumpravṛttiḥ 
  hantāsau prabalā durantatamasaḥ śaktir mahatyāvṛtiḥ ॥ 114 ॥
yasmād eṣā tadrajo bandhahetuḥ || 112 ||


- **Translation:**
=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
  Even one who is wise, learned, clever, and perceives the subtle essence is overpowered by darkness and does not understand clearly, even when repeatedly instructed. He perceives only what is falsely superimposed and attributes goodness to it, adhering to its qualities. Alas, this is the formidable power of great darkness, the veil that is difficult to overcome.
Desire, anger, greed, hypocrisy, jealousy, pride, spite, and envy are fierce qualities, characterized as Rajasic tendencies in humans, and these lead to bondage.


- **Word Meanings:**
=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
  * prajñāvān - wise
{| class="wikitable"
  * api - even
|-
  * paṇḍitaḥ - learned
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
  * api - even
|-
  * chaturaḥ - clever
| कामः (kāmaḥ) || desire || काम
  * api - even
|-
  * atyanta - extremely
| क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) || anger || क्रोध
  * sūkṣma - subtle
|-
  * ātma-dṛk - perceiver of the self
| लोभ (lobha) || greed || लोभ
  * vyālīḍhaḥ - overpowered
|-
  * tamasā - by darkness
| दम्भ (dambha) || hypocrisy || दम्भ
  * na - not
|-
  * vetti - knows/understands
| आदि (ādi) || and others || आदि
  * bahudhā - repeatedly
|-
  * sambodhitaḥ - instructed
| असूया (asūyā) || jealousy || असूया
  * api - even
|-
  * sphuṭam - clearly
| अहंकार (ahaṅkāra) || pride || अहंकार
  * bhrāntyā - by delusion
|-
  * āropitam - superimposed
| ईर्ष्या (īrṣyā) || spite || ईर्ष्या
  * eva - alone
|-
  * sādhu - well/rightly
| मत्सर (matsara) || envy || मत्सर
  * kalayati - considers
|-
  * ālambate - holds onto
| आद्याः (ādyāḥ) || beginning with || प्रारंभिक
  * tad-guṇān - its qualities
|-
  * hanta - alas
| तु (tu) || but || परंतु
  * asau - this
|-
  * prabalā - formidable
| घोराः (ghorāḥ) || fierce || भयानक
  * durantatamasaḥ - of great darkness
|-
  * śaktiḥ - power
| धर्माः (dharmāḥ) || characteristics || धर्म
  * mahatī - great
|-
  * āvṛtiḥ - veil
| एते (ete) || these || ये
|-
| राजसाः (rājasāḥ) || Rajasic (passionate) || राजसी
|-
| पुम्प्रवृत्तिः (pumpravṛttiḥ) || human tendencies || मनुष्य प्रवृत्ति
|-
| यस्मात् (yasmāt) || since || क्योंकि
|-
| एषः (eṣaḥ) || this || यह
|-
| तत् (tat) || that || वह
|-
| रजः (rajaḥ) || Rajas (passion) || रज
|-
| बन्ध-हेतुः (bandhahetuḥ) || cause of bondage || बंधन का कारण
|}


- **Commentary:**
=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
  This sloka reflects on the powerful influence of ignorance (avidya or tamas) that can obscure even the most learned individuals. Prajñāvān, paṇḍita, and chatura denote various forms of intellectual acumen and proficiency. However, these qualities are insufficient to pierce through the dense veil of ignorance without direct experiential insight into the true self. The sloka emphasizes the insidious nature of māyā (delusion) that superimposes false realities over the true nature of existence. The persistent misunderstanding even in the face of clear instruction highlights the need for transcending mere intellectual understanding to attain enlightenment. This veil of ignorance, termed here as 'durantatamasaḥ,' illustrates the tenacity and pervasiveness of ignorance that can only be transcended by cultivating a higher spiritual awareness and discriminative wisdom.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| कामः क्रोधः लोभः || अस्ति || घोराः || Desire, anger, and greed are fierce. || काम, क्रोध, और लोभ भयानक हैं।
|-
| एते धर्माः || संतिः || राजसाः || These characteristics are Rajasic. || ये गुण राजसी हैं।
|-
| एषः रजः || हेवति || बन्धः || This passion leads to bondage. || यह रज बंधन का कारण है।
|}
 
=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[kāma|kāma (काम)]]
* [[krodha|krodha (क्रोध)]]
* [[lobha|lobha (लोभ)]]
* [[dharma|dharma (धर्म)]]
* [[rajas|rajas (रज)]]
 
=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Emotions
* Bondage
* Spiritual Path
 
=== Commentary (टीका) ===
This verse explicates the nature of *Rajas*, a quality of energy characterized by passion and activity. *Kāma* (desire), *krodha* (anger), *lobha* (greed), *dambha* (hypocrisy), *asūyā* (jealousy), *ahaṅkāra* (pride), *īrṣyā* (spite), and *matsara* (envy) are seen as fierce attributes that envelop the human consciousness in a web of attachment and ignorance. These qualities lead to further entanglement in the cycle of birth and death — they are seen as barriers to spiritual liberation and are fundamentally responsible for human bondage. Understanding and transcending these Rajasic tendencies is crucial for spiritual aspirants who seek *moksha* (liberation).


'''
'''
Further Readings:'''
* [[Vedanta]]
* [[Vivekachudamani]]

Latest revision as of 16:13, 7 January 2025

Sloka 112

Sloka (श्लोक)

कामः क्रोधो लोभदम्भाद्यसूया
अहंकारेर्ष्यामत्सराद्यास्तु घोराः ।
धर्मा एते राजसाः पुम्प्रवृत्तिः
यस्मादेषा तद्रजो बन्धहेतुः ॥ ११२ ॥

पदच्छेद / Padaccheda

कामः क्रोधः लोभ-दम्भ-अदि-असूया अहंकार-ईर्ष्या-मत्सर-आद्याः तु घोराः । धर्माः एते राजसाः पुम्प्रवृत्तिः यस्मात् एषः तत् रजः बन्ध-हेतुः ॥

Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)

kāmaḥ krodho lobha-dambhādy-asūyā ahaṅkārerṣyā-matsarādyāstu ghorāḥ | dharmā ete rājasāḥ pumpravṛttiḥ yasmād eṣā tadrajo bandhahetuḥ || 112 ||

Translation (अनुवाद)

Desire, anger, greed, hypocrisy, jealousy, pride, spite, and envy are fierce qualities, characterized as Rajasic tendencies in humans, and these lead to bondage.

Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)

Sanskrit (संस्कृत) English Meaning (अर्थ) Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
कामः (kāmaḥ) desire काम
क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) anger क्रोध
लोभ (lobha) greed लोभ
दम्भ (dambha) hypocrisy दम्भ
आदि (ādi) and others आदि
असूया (asūyā) jealousy असूया
अहंकार (ahaṅkāra) pride अहंकार
ईर्ष्या (īrṣyā) spite ईर्ष्या
मत्सर (matsara) envy मत्सर
आद्याः (ādyāḥ) beginning with प्रारंभिक
तु (tu) but परंतु
घोराः (ghorāḥ) fierce भयानक
धर्माः (dharmāḥ) characteristics धर्म
एते (ete) these ये
राजसाः (rājasāḥ) Rajasic (passionate) राजसी
पुम्प्रवृत्तिः (pumpravṛttiḥ) human tendencies मनुष्य प्रवृत्ति
यस्मात् (yasmāt) since क्योंकि
एषः (eṣaḥ) this यह
तत् (tat) that वह
रजः (rajaḥ) Rajas (passion) रज
बन्ध-हेतुः (bandhahetuḥ) cause of bondage बंधन का कारण

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
कर्ता (Subject) क्रिया (Verb) विधान (Object) अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
कामः क्रोधः लोभः अस्ति घोराः Desire, anger, and greed are fierce. काम, क्रोध, और लोभ भयानक हैं।
एते धर्माः संतिः राजसाः These characteristics are Rajasic. ये गुण राजसी हैं।
एषः रजः हेवति बन्धः This passion leads to bondage. यह रज बंधन का कारण है।

Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)

Categories (वर्गीकरण)

  • Emotions
  • Bondage
  • Spiritual Path

Commentary (टीका)

This verse explicates the nature of *Rajas*, a quality of energy characterized by passion and activity. *Kāma* (desire), *krodha* (anger), *lobha* (greed), *dambha* (hypocrisy), *asūyā* (jealousy), *ahaṅkāra* (pride), *īrṣyā* (spite), and *matsara* (envy) are seen as fierce attributes that envelop the human consciousness in a web of attachment and ignorance. These qualities lead to further entanglement in the cycle of birth and death — they are seen as barriers to spiritual liberation and are fundamentally responsible for human bondage. Understanding and transcending these Rajasic tendencies is crucial for spiritual aspirants who seek *moksha* (liberation).

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