Sloka 40: Difference between revisions

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== Sloka 40 ==
== Sloka 40 ==
'''Original Text:'''
 
 
 
=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===
 
<pre>
<pre>
कथं तरेयं भवसिन्धुमेतं
कथं तरेयं भवसिन्धुमेतं
का वा गतिर्मे कतमोऽस्त्युपायः ।  
का वा गतिर्मे कतमोऽस्त्युपायः ।
जाने न किञ्ज्चित्कृपयाव मां प्रभो
जाने न किञ्ज्चित्कृपयाव मां प्रभो
संसारदुःखक्षतिमातनुष्व ॥ ४0 ॥  
संसारदुःखक्षतिमातनुष्व ॥ ४0 ॥
</pre>
</pre>


Certainly! Here is the detailed analysis of the given Sanskrit sloka:
=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
कथं <br />
तरेयं <br />
भवसिन्धुम् <br />
एतम् <br />
का <br />
वा <br />
गतिः <br />
मे <br />
कतमः <br />
अस्ति <br />
उपायः <br />
जाने <br />
न <br />
किञ्चित् <br />
कृपया <br />
आव <br />
माम् <br />
प्रभो <br />
संसारदुःखक्षतिम् <br />
आतनुष्व <br />


- **Transliteration:**
=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
  ```
kathaṁ tareyaṁ bhavasindhum etam<br />
  kathaṁ tareyaṁ bhavasindhum etaṁ
kā vā gatir me katamo'styupāyaḥ |<br />
  kā vā gatir me katamo'sty upāyaḥ।
jāne na kiñcit kṛpayāv māṁ prabho<br />
  jāne na kiñjcit kṛpayāva māṁ prabho
saṁsāra-duḥkha-kṣatim ātanuṣva || 40 ||
  saṁsāra-duḥkha-kṣatim ātanuṣva ॥ 40 ॥
  ```


- **Translation:**
=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
  ```
O Lord, how can I cross this ocean of existence? What means or path is available to me? I know nothing; please, out of compassion, alleviate the suffering of worldly existence.
  How can I cross this ocean of worldly existence? What path is there for me, and which means are available? I know nothing, O Lord, out of mercy, reduce the sufferings of this samsara for me.
  ```


- **Word Meanings:**
=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
  * कथम् (katham) - how
{| class="wikitable"
  * तरेयम् (tareyam) - can I cross
|-
  * भवसिन्धुम् (bhavasindhum) - the ocean of worldly existence
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
  * एतम् (etam) - this
|-
  * का (kā) - what
| कथं (kathaṁ) || how || कैसे
  * वा (vā) - or
|-
  * गतिः (gatiḥ) - path
| तरेयम् (tareyam) || may cross || पार कर सकता हूँ
  * मे (me) - for me
|-
  * कतमः (katamaḥ) - which
| भवसिन्धुम् (bhavasindhum) || ocean of existence || भवसागर
  * अस्ति (asti) - is there
|-
  * उपायः (upāyaḥ) - means
| एतम् (etam) || this || इसे
  * जाने (jāne) - I know
|-
  * न (na) - not
| का (kā) || what || क्या
  * किञ्चित् (kiñcit) - anything
|-
  * कृपया (kṛpayā) - with compassion
| वा (vā) || or || या
  * आव (āva) - reduce
|-
  * मां (māṁ) - me
| गतिः (gatiḥ) || path || मार्ग
  * प्रभो (prabho) - O Lord
|-
  * संसार (saṁsāra) - worldly existence
| मे (me) || for me || मेरे लिए
  * दुःख (duḥkha) - suffering
|-
  * क्षतिम् (kṣatim) - reduction
| कतमः (katamaḥ) || which || कौन सा
  * आतनुष्व (ātanuṣva) - undertake
|-
| अस्ति (asti) || is || है
|-
| उपायः (upāyaḥ) || means || उपाय
|-
| जाने (jāne) || know || जानता
|-
| न (na) || not || नहीं
|-
| किञ्चित् (kiñcit) || anything || कुछ भी
|-
| कृपया (kṛpayā) || with compassion || कृपा से
|-
| आव (āva) || save || कृपा करें
|-
| माम् (mām) || me || मुझे
|-
| प्रभो (prabho) || O Lord || हे प्रभु
|-
| संसार-दुःख-क्षतिम् (saṁsāra-duḥkha-kṣatim) || suffering of worldly existence || संसार की पीड़ा
|-
| आतनुष्व (ātanuṣva) || alleviate || कम करें
|}


- **Commentary:**
=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
  ```
{| class="wikitable"
  This sloka reflects the deep existential inquiry and plea of a seeker who finds himself in the middle of the vast ocean of samsara, the cycle of birth and death characterized by suffering. The seeker is overwhelmed by the challenges and trials of worldly existence and feels at a loss regarding the path and means to transcend it. Seeking divine intervention, he turns to the Lord, recognizing his own limitations and helplessness.
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| अहम् (implied) || तरेयम् || भवसिन्धुमेतम् || How can I cross this ocean of existence? || मैं इस भवसागर को कैसे पार कर सकता हूँ?
|-
| अहम् (implied) || जाने || न किञ्चित् || I know nothing. || मैं कुछ भी नहीं जानता।
|-
| प्रभो || आतनुष्व || संसारदुःखक्षतिम् || O Lord, alleviate the suffering of worldly existence. || हे प्रभु, संसार की पीड़ा को कम करें।
|}


  The act of questioning "How can I cross this ocean?" points to the recognition of samsara as an overwhelming and difficult-to-cross ocean. This metaphor is common in spiritual literature to indicate the vastness and depth of worldly entanglements.
=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[kṛpā|kṛpā (कृपा)]]
* [[bhavasindhu|bhavasindhu (भवसिन्धु)]]
* [[samsāraduhkha|samsāraduhkha (संसारदुःख)]]
* [[gati|gati (गति)]]


  The plea for guidance — "What path is there for me, and which means are available?" — reflects a common spiritual dilemma, emphasizing the importance of right guidance and means (upāya) in spiritual practice. It highlights the necessity of surrendering to a higher power when human intellect and efforts fall short.
=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Devotion
* Liberation
* Compassion


  The surrender to the Divine — "I know nothing, O Lord" — is an expression of humility and acknowledgment of one's limited understanding. This humility is crucial in spiritual growth, as it opens the door to grace and divine assistance.
=== Commentary (टीका) ===
 
This verse is an appeal from the devotee to the Lord, expressing an inner turmoil and seeking divine grace. The desire to cross the *bhavasindhu* signifies the devotee's yearning for liberation from the cycle of birth and death, which is fraught with suffering, termed as *samsāraduhkha*. Acknowledging one’s ignorance and helplessness, the devotee pleads for the *prabhu’s* intervention. This reflects the essential Vedantic teaching that liberation, though a personal effort, ultimately requires divine grace or *kṛpā*. The use of humble self-surrender exemplifies a deep sense of devotion and reliance on the Lord for salvation.
  The request for compassion and help to reduce the sufferings of samsara reinforces the benevolent role of the Divine as a refuge and savior. It also emphasizes the transformative power of divine grace in alleviating suffering and leading one towards liberation.
  ```


'''
'''
Further Readings:'''
* [[Vedanta]]
* [[Vivekachudamani]]

Latest revision as of 15:49, 7 January 2025

Sloka 40

Sloka (श्लोक)

कथं तरेयं भवसिन्धुमेतं
का वा गतिर्मे कतमोऽस्त्युपायः ।
जाने न किञ्ज्चित्कृपयाव मां प्रभो
संसारदुःखक्षतिमातनुष्व ॥ ४0 ॥

पदच्छेद / Padaccheda

कथं
तरेयं
भवसिन्धुम्
एतम्
का
वा
गतिः
मे
कतमः
अस्ति
उपायः
जाने
न
किञ्चित्
कृपया
आव
माम्
प्रभो
संसारदुःखक्षतिम्
आतनुष्व

Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)

kathaṁ tareyaṁ bhavasindhum etam
kā vā gatir me katamo'styupāyaḥ |
jāne na kiñcit kṛpayāv māṁ prabho
saṁsāra-duḥkha-kṣatim ātanuṣva || 40 ||

Translation (अनुवाद)

O Lord, how can I cross this ocean of existence? What means or path is available to me? I know nothing; please, out of compassion, alleviate the suffering of worldly existence.

Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)

Sanskrit (संस्कृत) English Meaning (अर्थ) Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
कथं (kathaṁ) how कैसे
तरेयम् (tareyam) may cross पार कर सकता हूँ
भवसिन्धुम् (bhavasindhum) ocean of existence भवसागर
एतम् (etam) this इसे
का (kā) what क्या
वा (vā) or या
गतिः (gatiḥ) path मार्ग
मे (me) for me मेरे लिए
कतमः (katamaḥ) which कौन सा
अस्ति (asti) is है
उपायः (upāyaḥ) means उपाय
जाने (jāne) know जानता
न (na) not नहीं
किञ्चित् (kiñcit) anything कुछ भी
कृपया (kṛpayā) with compassion कृपा से
आव (āva) save कृपा करें
माम् (mām) me मुझे
प्रभो (prabho) O Lord हे प्रभु
संसार-दुःख-क्षतिम् (saṁsāra-duḥkha-kṣatim) suffering of worldly existence संसार की पीड़ा
आतनुष्व (ātanuṣva) alleviate कम करें

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
कर्ता (Subject) क्रिया (Verb) विधान (Object) अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
अहम् (implied) तरेयम् भवसिन्धुमेतम् How can I cross this ocean of existence? मैं इस भवसागर को कैसे पार कर सकता हूँ?
अहम् (implied) जाने न किञ्चित् I know nothing. मैं कुछ भी नहीं जानता।
प्रभो आतनुष्व संसारदुःखक्षतिम् O Lord, alleviate the suffering of worldly existence. हे प्रभु, संसार की पीड़ा को कम करें।

Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)

Categories (वर्गीकरण)

  • Devotion
  • Liberation
  • Compassion

Commentary (टीका)

This verse is an appeal from the devotee to the Lord, expressing an inner turmoil and seeking divine grace. The desire to cross the *bhavasindhu* signifies the devotee's yearning for liberation from the cycle of birth and death, which is fraught with suffering, termed as *samsāraduhkha*. Acknowledging one’s ignorance and helplessness, the devotee pleads for the *prabhu’s* intervention. This reflects the essential Vedantic teaching that liberation, though a personal effort, ultimately requires divine grace or *kṛpā*. The use of humble self-surrender exemplifies a deep sense of devotion and reliance on the Lord for salvation.

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