Sloka 23: Difference between revisions

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== Sloka 23 ==
== Sloka 23 ==
'''Original Text:'''
 
 
=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===
 
<pre>
<pre>
विषयेभ्यः परावर्त्य स्थापनं स्वस्वगोलके ।  
विषयेभ्यः परावर्त्य स्थापनं स्वस्वगोलके ।
उभयेषामिन्द्रियाणां स दमः परिकीर्तितः
उभयेषामिन्द्रियाणां स दमः परिकीर्तितः
बाह्यानालम्बनं वृत्तेरेषोपरतिरुत्तमा ॥ २३ ॥  
बाह्यानालम्बनं वृत्तेरेषोपरतिरुत्तमा ॥ २३ ॥
</pre>
</pre>


Certainly! Let's delve into the given sloka:
=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
विषयेभ्यः <br />
परावर्त्य <br />
स्थापनं <br />
स्वस्वगोलके <br />
उभयेषाम् <br />
इन्द्रियाणां <br />
सः <br />
दमः <br />
परिकीर्तितः <br />
बाह्य <br />
अनालम्बनं <br />
वृत्तेः <br />
एषः <br />
उपरति:<br />
उत्तमा <br />


- **Transliteration:**
=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
  ```
viṣayebhyaḥ parāvartya sthāpanaṁ svasvagolake |<br />
  viṣayebhyaḥ parāvartya sthāpanaṃ svasvagolake |
ubhayeṣām indriyāṇāṁ sa damaḥ parikīrtitaḥ<br />
  ubhayeṣāmindriyāṇāṃ sa damaḥ parikīrtitaḥ
bāhya-anālambanaṁ vṛtter eṣoparatir uttamā || 23 ||
  bāhyānālambanaṃ vṛtter eṣoparatiruttamā || 23 ||
  ```


- **Translation:**
=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
  ```
Turning away from sense objects and establishing the senses in their respective spheres is renowned as self-control; the cessation of external reliance of the mind is considered supreme withdrawal.
  Turning away from the objects and establishing the senses in their own realms is known as 'dama' (self-restraint). The non-dependence of the mind on external objects is termed the supreme 'uparati' (withdrawal).
  ```


- **Word Meanings:**
=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
  * **viṣayebhyaḥ** - from the objects
{| class="wikitable"
  * **parāvartya** - turning away
|-
  * **sthāpanaṃ** - establishment
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
  * **svasvagolake** - in their respective spheres
|-
  * **ubhayeṣām** - of both
| विषयेभ्यः (viṣayebhyaḥ) || from sense objects || विषयों से
  * **indriyāṇām** - of the senses
|-
  * **saḥ** - that
| परावर्त्य (parāvartya) || turning away || हटाकर
  * **damaḥ** - self-restraint
|-
  * **parikīrtitaḥ** - is known as
| स्थापनं (sthāpanaṁ) || establishing || स्थापन
  * **bāhyānālambanaṃ** - non-dependence on external (supports)
|-
  * **vṛtteḥ** - of the mind
| स्वस्वगोलके (svasvagolake) || in their respective spheres || अपने-अपने स्थान में
  * **eṣaḥ** - this
|-
  * **uparatiḥ** - withdrawal
| उभयेषाम् (ubhayēṣām) || of both || दोनों के
  * **uttamā** - supreme
|-
| इन्द्रियाणां (indriyāṇām) || of senses || इन्द्रियों के
|-
| सः (saḥ) || that || वह
|-
| दमः (damaḥ) || self-control || संयम
|-
| परिकीर्तितः (parikīrtitaḥ) || is renowned || कहा गया है
|-
| बाह्य (bāhya) || external || बाह्य
|-
| अनालम्बनं (anālambanaṁ) || non-reliance || आश्रय रहित
|-
| वृत्तेः (vṛtteḥ) || of mind || मन की
|-
| एषः (eṣaḥ) || this || यह
|-
| उपरति: (uparatiḥ) || withdrawal || उपरति
|-
| उत्तमा (uttamā) || supreme || श्रेष्ठ
|}


- **Commentary:**
=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
  In Vedantic philosophy, the control and regulation of the senses and the mind are essential steps in spiritual practice. This sloka emphasizes the significance of *dama* and *uparati*, two important aspects of self-discipline and detachment. *Dama* involves consciously withdrawing the senses from external objects, focusing them within their natural domains. This practice is crucial in maintaining inner peace and concentration, considering that unchecked senses can lead to distraction and attachment to ephemeral pleasures.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| उभयेषाम् इन्द्रियाणां || स्थापनं || स्वस्वगोलके || Establishing the senses in their respective spheres. || इन्द्रियों को उनके स्थान पर स्थापन करना।
|-
| इन्द्रियाणां || परावर्त्य || विषयेभ्यः || Turning the senses away from sense objects. || इन्द्रियों को विषयों से हटाना।
|-
| वृत्तेः || अनालम्बनं || बाह्य || External reliance of the mind ceasing. || मन का बाह्य आश्रय छोड़ना।
|}


  *Uparati*, on the other hand, is highlighted here as the supreme form of withdrawal. It signifies a deeper state where the mind no longer depends on external stimuli for its functioning or satisfaction. Unlike merely controlling the senses, *uparati* reflects an internalized detachment where the mind finds contentment within itself, independent of the external world.
=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[dama|dama (दम)]]
* [[uparati|uparati (उपरति)]]
* [[indriya-nigraha|indriya-nigraha (इन्द्रिय-निग्रह)]]
* [[vishaya|vishaya (विषय)]]


  These practices are part of the broader discipline of *sādhanā catuṣṭaya*, the fourfold practice comprising discrimination (viveka), dispassion (vairāgya), the six virtues (ṣaṭkasampatti, including dama and uparati), and the intense longing for liberation (mumukṣutva). They prepare the seeker for higher meditative states and eventually lead to self-realization.
=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Self-Control
* Withdrawal
* Mind Control
 
=== Commentary (टीका) ===
This verse expounds on the practice of *dama* (self-control) and *uparati* (withdrawal) as means to attain spiritual growth. *Dama* involves retracting the senses from *viṣaya* (sense objects) and fixing them in their natural sphere of calm. *Uparati* refers to the cessation of the mind's dependence on external stimuli, thus encouraging an inward focus. This dual process is intrinsic to achieving mastery over sensory influences and attaining a state of supreme tranquility. The text emphasizes the importance of reducing external distractions to cultivate inner peace and equilibrium.


'''
'''
Further Readings:'''
* [[Vedanta]]
* [[Vivekachudamani]]

Latest revision as of 15:43, 7 January 2025

Sloka 23

Sloka (श्लोक)

विषयेभ्यः परावर्त्य स्थापनं स्वस्वगोलके ।
उभयेषामिन्द्रियाणां स दमः परिकीर्तितः
बाह्यानालम्बनं वृत्तेरेषोपरतिरुत्तमा ॥ २३ ॥

पदच्छेद / Padaccheda

विषयेभ्यः
परावर्त्य
स्थापनं
स्वस्वगोलके
उभयेषाम्
इन्द्रियाणां
सः
दमः
परिकीर्तितः
बाह्य
अनालम्बनं
वृत्तेः
एषः
उपरति:
उत्तमा

Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)

viṣayebhyaḥ parāvartya sthāpanaṁ svasvagolake |
ubhayeṣām indriyāṇāṁ sa damaḥ parikīrtitaḥ
bāhya-anālambanaṁ vṛtter eṣoparatir uttamā || 23 ||

Translation (अनुवाद)

Turning away from sense objects and establishing the senses in their respective spheres is renowned as self-control; the cessation of external reliance of the mind is considered supreme withdrawal.

Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)

Sanskrit (संस्कृत) English Meaning (अर्थ) Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
विषयेभ्यः (viṣayebhyaḥ) from sense objects विषयों से
परावर्त्य (parāvartya) turning away हटाकर
स्थापनं (sthāpanaṁ) establishing स्थापन
स्वस्वगोलके (svasvagolake) in their respective spheres अपने-अपने स्थान में
उभयेषाम् (ubhayēṣām) of both दोनों के
इन्द्रियाणां (indriyāṇām) of senses इन्द्रियों के
सः (saḥ) that वह
दमः (damaḥ) self-control संयम
परिकीर्तितः (parikīrtitaḥ) is renowned कहा गया है
बाह्य (bāhya) external बाह्य
अनालम्बनं (anālambanaṁ) non-reliance आश्रय रहित
वृत्तेः (vṛtteḥ) of mind मन की
एषः (eṣaḥ) this यह
उपरति: (uparatiḥ) withdrawal उपरति
उत्तमा (uttamā) supreme श्रेष्ठ

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
कर्ता (Subject) क्रिया (Verb) विधान (Object) अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
उभयेषाम् इन्द्रियाणां स्थापनं स्वस्वगोलके Establishing the senses in their respective spheres. इन्द्रियों को उनके स्थान पर स्थापन करना।
इन्द्रियाणां परावर्त्य विषयेभ्यः Turning the senses away from sense objects. इन्द्रियों को विषयों से हटाना।
वृत्तेः अनालम्बनं बाह्य External reliance of the mind ceasing. मन का बाह्य आश्रय छोड़ना।

Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)

Categories (वर्गीकरण)

  • Self-Control
  • Withdrawal
  • Mind Control

Commentary (टीका)

This verse expounds on the practice of *dama* (self-control) and *uparati* (withdrawal) as means to attain spiritual growth. *Dama* involves retracting the senses from *viṣaya* (sense objects) and fixing them in their natural sphere of calm. *Uparati* refers to the cessation of the mind's dependence on external stimuli, thus encouraging an inward focus. This dual process is intrinsic to achieving mastery over sensory influences and attaining a state of supreme tranquility. The text emphasizes the importance of reducing external distractions to cultivate inner peace and equilibrium.

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