Sloka 20

Sloka 20

Sloka (श्लोक)

ब्रह्म सत्यं जगन्मिथ्येत्येवंरूपो विनिश्चयः ।
सोऽयं नित्यानित्यवस्तुविवेकः समुदाहृतः ॥ २० ॥

पदच्छेद / Padaccheda

ब्रह्म
सत्यं
जगन्मिथ्या
एवंरूपः
विनिश्चयः
सः
अयम्
नित्य-अनित्य-वस्तु-विवेकः
समुदाहृतः

Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)

brahma satyaṁ jaganmithyā-ityevaṁrūpo viniścayaḥ |
so'yaṁ nitya-anitya-vastu-vivekaḥ samudāhṛtaḥ || 20 ||

Translation (अनुवाद)

The discernment between the eternal and the transient is expressed as the knowledge that Brahman is true and the world is illusory.

Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)

Sanskrit (संस्कृत)	English Meaning (अर्थ)	Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
ब्रह्म (brahma)	Brahman	ब्रह्म
सत्यं (satyaṁ)	true	सत्य
जगन् (jagan)	the world	जगत्
मिथ्या (mithyā)	illusory	मिथ्या
एवंरूपः (evaṁrūpoḥ)	in this form	इस प्रकार
विनिश्चयः (viniścayaḥ)	determination/conviction	निश्चय
सः (saḥ)	that	वह
अयम् (ayam)	this	यह
नित्य-अनित्य-वस्तु-विवेकः (nitya-anitya-vastu-vivekaḥ)	discernment of the eternal and transient	नित्य और अनित्य वस्तुओं का विवेक
समुदाहृतः (samudāhṛtaḥ)	is declared	कहा जाता है

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples

कर्ता (Subject)	क्रिया (Verb)	विधान (Object)	अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation	हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
विवेकः (discernment)	समुदाहृतः (is declared)	नित्य-अनित्य-वस्तु-विवेकः (as the discernment of the eternal and transient)	Discernment is declared as the distinction between eternal and non-eternal.	विवेक को नित्य और अनित्य के भेद के रूप में कहा जाता है।
विनिश्चयः (conviction)	सः (is)	ब्रह्म सत्यं जगन्मिथ्या (Brahman is true, the world is illusory)	Conviction is that Brahman is true, the world is illusory.	निश्चय यह है कि ब्रह्म सत्य है, जगत् मिथ्या है।

Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)

• brahman (ब्रह्म)
• satya (सत्य)
• mithyā (मिथ्या)
• nitya-anitya-viveka (नित्य-अनित्य-विवेक)

Categories (वर्गीकरण)

• Vedantic Philosophy
• Metaphysics
• Discrimination

Commentary (टीका)

This sloka encapsulates a foundational concept in Vedantic philosophy: the distinction between the eternal and transient. *Brahman*, the ultimate reality, is described as true, whereas the objective world is considered *mithyā*, or illusory. This understanding is critical for aspirants on the spiritual path as it helps develop *viveka*, or discrimination, allowing them to focus on the pursuit of the eternal rather than the transient. The verse emphasizes the importance of recognizing the *satyam* of *brahman* in contrast to the ephemeral nature of worldly experiences, providing clarity and direction in one's spiritual journey.