Sloka 105: Difference between revisions

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== Sloka 105 ==
== Sloka 105 ==
'''Original Text:'''
 
 
=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===
 
<pre>
<pre>
यत्सुषुप्तौ निर्विषय आत्मानन्दोऽनुभूयते ।  
विषयाणामानुकूल्ये सुखी दुःखी विपर्यये ।
श्रुतिः प्रत्यक्षमैतिह्यमनुमानं च जाग्रति ॥ १0७ ॥  
सुखं दुःखं च तद्धर्मः सदानन्दस्य नात्मनः ॥ १०५ ॥
</pre>
</pre>


- Transliteration:
=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
  yatsuṣuptau nirviṣaya ātmānando'nubhūyate | śrutiḥ pratyakṣamaitihyamanumānaṁ ca jāgrati || 107 ||
विषयाणाम्<br />
अनुकूल्ये<br />
सुखी<br />
दुःखी<br />
विपर्यये<br />
सुखं<br />
दुःखं<br />
च<br />
तद्धर्मः<br />
सदानन्दस्य<br />
न<br />
आत्मनः<br />
 
=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
viṣayāṇām ānukūlye sukhī duḥkhī viparyaye | sukhaṁ duḥkhaṁ ca taddharmaḥ sadānandasya nātmanaḥ || 105 ||


- Translation:
=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
  In deep sleep, when there are no objects, the bliss of the self is experienced. In the waking state, the Vedas, direct perception, tradition, and inference provide knowledge.
Pleasure and pain arise from favorable and unfavorable conditions of objects; they are the attributes of eternal joy, not of the true Self.


- Word Meanings:
=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
  * yat - which
{| class="wikitable"
  * suṣuptau - in deep sleep
|-
  * nirviṣaya - devoid of objects
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
  * ātma-ānandaḥ - bliss of the Self
|-
  * anubhūyate - is experienced
| विषयाणाम् (viṣayāṇām) || of objects || विषयों का
  * śrutiḥ - Vedic scriptures
|-
  * pratyakṣa - direct perception
| अनुकूल्ये (ānukūlye) || in favorable conditions || अनुकूल अवस्था में
  * aitihyam - tradition
|-
  * anumānaṁ - inference
| सुखी (sukhī) || happy || सुखी
  * ca - and
|-
  * jāgrati - in the waking state
| दुःखी (duḥkhī) || unhappy || दुखी
|-
| विपर्यये (viparyaye) || in unfavorable conditions || प्रतिकूल अवस्था में
|-
| सुखं (sukhaṁ) || pleasure || सुख
|-
| दुःखं (duḥkhaṁ) || pain || दुख
|-
| च (ca) || and || और
|-
| तद्धर्मः (taddharmaḥ) || those qualities || वह धर्म
|-
| सदानन्दस्य (sadānandasya) || of eternal joy || सदानंद के
|-
| न (na) || not || नहीं
|-
| आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) || of the Self || आत्मा का
|}


- Commentary:
=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
  This verse explores the different ways of experiencing and understanding reality in various states of consciousness. In the state of deep sleep (suṣupti), there is no awareness of external objects, yet the soul experiences a unique bliss (ātma-ānanda) that is pure and untouched by the sensory world. This inherent bliss is considered the true nature of the self, which is often obscured by the distractions of the waking and dream states.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| विषयाणाम् अनुकूल्ये || सुखी || individual || The individual becomes happy in favorable conditions. || व्यक्ति अनुकूल परिस्थितियों में सुखी होता है।
|-
| विषयाणाम् विपर्यये || दुःखी || individual || The individual becomes unhappy in unfavorable conditions. || व्यक्ति प्रतिकूल परिस्थितियों में दुखी होता है।
|-
| सुखं दुःखं || तद्धर्मः || सदानन्दस्य || Pleasure and pain are qualities of eternal joy. || सुख और दुख सदानंद के धर्म हैं।
|-
| सुखं दुःखं च || न || आत्मनः || Pleasure and pain are not of the Self. || सुख और दुख आत्मा के नहीं हैं।
|}


  In contrast, the waking state is where knowledge is derived through multiple means: śruti (Vedic knowledge) provides a spiritual and authoritative perspective; pratyakṣa (direct perception) involves sensory experience and empirical observation; aitihyam (tradition) consists of beliefs and practices handed down through generations; and anumāna (inference) involves logical reasoning and deduction.
=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[viṣaya|viṣaya (विषय)]]
* [[ānukūlya|ānukūlya (अनुकूल्य)]]
* [[viparyaya|viparyaya (विपर्यय)]]
* [[sat-ānanda|sat-ānanda (सदानंद)]]
* [[ātman|ātman (आत्मा)]]


  Together, these methods offer a comprehensive approach to understanding the world, balancing subjective experience and objective investigation. However, the sloka emphasizes the distinction between the transient sources of knowledge in the waking state and the inherent bliss accessible when the mind is free from distractions in deep sleep. This distinction leads to inquiries about the nature of the self and its true knowledge, central themes in Vedantic philosophy which encourage individuals to seek beyond empirical knowledge for the realization of the ultimate truth, which lies within.
=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Philosophy
* Eternal Joy
* Self and Non-Self
 
=== Commentary (टीका) ===
This verse delves into the nature of pleasure and pain, emphasizing that they are consequences of favorable or unfavorable interactions with external objects (*viṣaya*). These emotional states are mistakenly attributed to the Self (*ātman*), which is in reality the embodiment of eternal bliss (*sat-ānanda*). Thus, the verse urges a shift in perception from the transient to the eternal, highlighting that the essence of the Self is beyond temporary states such as happiness and sorrow.


'''
'''
Further Readings:'''
* [[Vedanta]]
* [[Vivekachudamani]]

Latest revision as of 16:11, 7 January 2025

Sloka 105

Sloka (श्लोक)

विषयाणामानुकूल्ये सुखी दुःखी विपर्यये ।
सुखं दुःखं च तद्धर्मः सदानन्दस्य नात्मनः ॥ १०५ ॥

पदच्छेद / Padaccheda

विषयाणाम्
अनुकूल्ये
सुखी
दुःखी
विपर्यये
सुखं
दुःखं
च
तद्धर्मः
सदानन्दस्य
न
आत्मनः

Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)

viṣayāṇām ānukūlye sukhī duḥkhī viparyaye | sukhaṁ duḥkhaṁ ca taddharmaḥ sadānandasya nātmanaḥ || 105 ||

Translation (अनुवाद)

Pleasure and pain arise from favorable and unfavorable conditions of objects; they are the attributes of eternal joy, not of the true Self.

Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)

Sanskrit (संस्कृत) English Meaning (अर्थ) Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
विषयाणाम् (viṣayāṇām) of objects विषयों का
अनुकूल्ये (ānukūlye) in favorable conditions अनुकूल अवस्था में
सुखी (sukhī) happy सुखी
दुःखी (duḥkhī) unhappy दुखी
विपर्यये (viparyaye) in unfavorable conditions प्रतिकूल अवस्था में
सुखं (sukhaṁ) pleasure सुख
दुःखं (duḥkhaṁ) pain दुख
च (ca) and और
तद्धर्मः (taddharmaḥ) those qualities वह धर्म
सदानन्दस्य (sadānandasya) of eternal joy सदानंद के
न (na) not नहीं
आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) of the Self आत्मा का

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
कर्ता (Subject) क्रिया (Verb) विधान (Object) अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
विषयाणाम् अनुकूल्ये सुखी individual The individual becomes happy in favorable conditions. व्यक्ति अनुकूल परिस्थितियों में सुखी होता है।
विषयाणाम् विपर्यये दुःखी individual The individual becomes unhappy in unfavorable conditions. व्यक्ति प्रतिकूल परिस्थितियों में दुखी होता है।
सुखं दुःखं तद्धर्मः सदानन्दस्य Pleasure and pain are qualities of eternal joy. सुख और दुख सदानंद के धर्म हैं।
सुखं दुःखं च न आत्मनः Pleasure and pain are not of the Self. सुख और दुख आत्मा के नहीं हैं।

Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)

Categories (वर्गीकरण)

  • Philosophy
  • Eternal Joy
  • Self and Non-Self

Commentary (टीका)

This verse delves into the nature of pleasure and pain, emphasizing that they are consequences of favorable or unfavorable interactions with external objects (*viṣaya*). These emotional states are mistakenly attributed to the Self (*ātman*), which is in reality the embodiment of eternal bliss (*sat-ānanda*). Thus, the verse urges a shift in perception from the transient to the eternal, highlighting that the essence of the Self is beyond temporary states such as happiness and sorrow.

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