Sloka 93: Difference between revisions

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== Sloka 93 ==
== Sloka 93 ==
'''Original Text:'''
 
 
=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===
 
<pre>
<pre>
निगद्यतेऽन्तःकरणं मनोधीः
निगद्यतेऽन्तःकरणं मनोधीः
अहंकृतिश्चित्तमिति स्ववृत्तिभिः ।  
अहंकृतिश्चित्तमिति स्ववृत्तिभिः ।
मनस्तु संकल्पविकल्पनादिभिः
मनस्तु संकल्पविकल्पनादिभिः
बुद्धिः पदार्थाध्यवसायधर्मतः ॥ ९३ ॥
बुद्धिः पदार्थाध्यवसायधर्मतः ॥ ९३ ॥
अत्राभिमानादहमित्यहंकृतिः ।
स्वार्थानुसन्धानगुणेन चित्तम् ॥ ९४ ॥  
</pre>
</pre>


Certainly! Here is the requested analysis of the given sloka:
=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
 
निगद्यते अन्तःकरणं मनः धीः <br />
- **Transliteration:**
अहंकृतिः चित्तम् इति स्ववृत्तिभिः । <br />
  ```
मनः तु संकल्प-विकल्पन-आदिभिः <br />
  nigadyate'ntaḥkaraṇaṁ manodhīḥ
बुद्धिः पदार्थ-अध्यवसाय-धर्मतः ॥
  ahaṁkṛtiścittamiti svavṛttibhiḥ |
  manastu saṅkalpavikalpanādibhiḥ
  buddhiḥ padārthādhyavasāyadharmataḥ || 93 ||
  atrābhimānādahaṁityahaṁkṛtiḥ |
  svārthānusandhānaguṇena cittam || 94 ||
  ```


- **Translation:**
=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
  ```
nigadyate 'ntaḥkaraṇaṁ mano dhīḥ<br />
  The inner organ (antaḥkaraṇa) is termed as mind (manas), intellect (buddhi), ego (ahaṅkṛti), and consciousness (citta) based on its specific functions. The mind is characterized by doubt and indecision; intellect by determination and judgement of objects; ego by self-identification as 'I'; and consciousness by continuous focus and reflection on one’s purposes (self-interest).
ahaṅkṛtiś cittaṁ iti svavṛttibhiḥ |<br />
  ```
manaḥ tu saṅkalpa-vikalpanādibhiḥ<br />
buddhiḥ padārtha-adhyavasāya-dharmataḥ || 93 ||


- **Word Meanings:**
=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
  * **nigadyate** - is said, is termed
The inner instrument is stated to be composed of mind, intellect, ego, and consciousness through their respective functions; the mind through deliberation and doubt, the intellect through definitive ascertainment of objects.
  * **antaḥkaraṇam** - the inner instrument, internal organ
  * **manodhīḥ** - mind and intellect
  * **ahaṁkṛtiḥ** - ego-consciousness, self-identity
  * **cittam** - consciousness, memory
  * **iti** - thus, like this
  * **svavṛttibhiḥ** - by their respective functions
  * **manas** - mind
  * **tu** - indeed, but
  * **saṅkalpa-vikalpanādibhiḥ** - by deliberation and doubt, intention and indecision
  * **buddhiḥ** - intellect, intelligence
  * **padārtha-adhyavasāya-dharmataḥ** - with the quality of determining objects
  * **atra** - here, in this context
  * **abhimānāt** - due to self-awareness, conceit
  * **ahaṁ-iti** - as 'I'
  * **ahaṁkṛtiḥ** - the ego
  * **svārtha-anusandhāna-guṇena** - quality of pursuing self-interests
  * **cittam** - consciousness, reflective awareness


- **Commentary:**
=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
  This sloka is a profound philosophical analysis of the functions of the 'antaḥkaraṇa' or the inner instrument as understood in Vedantic philosophy. The antaḥkaraṇa is unique because it is not a physical organ but a subtle entity comprising mind, intellect, ego, and consciousness. Each has distinct roles and attributes:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
|-
| निगद्यते (nigadyate) || is stated || कहा जाता है
|-
| अन्तःकरणं (antaḥkaraṇaṁ) || inner instrument || आन्तरिक उपकरण
|-
| मनः (manaḥ) || mind || मन
|-
| धीः (dhīḥ) || intellect || बुद्धि
|-
| अहंकृतिः (ahaṅkṛtiḥ) || ego || अहंकार
|-
| चित्तम् (cittam) || consciousness || चित्त
|-
| इति (iti) || thus || इस प्रकार
|-
| स्ववृत्तिभिः (svavṛttibhiḥ) || through their respective functions || अपनी-अपनी वृत्तियों से
|-
| तु (tu) || but, nevertheless || लेकिन, किन्तु
|-
| संकल्प-विकल्पन (saṅkalpa-vikalpana) || deliberation and doubt || संकल्प- विकल्प
|-
| आदिभिः (ādibhiḥ) || etc. || आदि
|-
| पदार्थ (padārtha) || objects || पदार्थों
|-
| अध्यवसाय (adhyavasāya) || definitive ascertainment || निश्चित निर्धारण
|-
| धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) || due to the nature || धर्मतः
|}


  - **Manas (Mind):** It is responsible for the processes of doubt, deliberation, and the formation of desires. It is the part of us that questions and considers possibilities, often leading to insecurities and vacillation until resolved by the intellect.
=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| अन्तःकरणं || निगद्यते || मनः धीः अहंकृतिः चित्तम् || The inner instrument is stated to be the mind, intellect, ego, and consciousness. || आन्तरिक उपकरण मन, बुद्धि, अहंकार और चित्त कहा जाता है।
|-
| मनः || कार्यः || संकल्प-विकल्पन-आदि || The function of the mind is deliberation and doubt. || मन का कार्य संकल्प विकल्प आदि है।
|-
| बुद्धिः || कार्यः || पदार्थ-अध्यवसाय || The function of the intellect is definitive ascertainment of objects. || बुद्धि का कार्य पदार्थों का निश्चित निर्धारण है।
|}


  - **Buddhi (Intellect):** This component makes decisions, judgements, and conclusions about objects and experiences. It is the decisive faculty that gives direction and purpose to our motives and actions, solidifying doubt into concrete decisions.
=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[antaḥkaraṇa|antaḥkaraṇa (अन्तःकरण)]]
* [[manas|manas (मन)]]
* [[buddhi|buddhi (बुद्धि)]]
* [[ahaṅkāra|ahaṅkāra (अहंकार)]]
* [[citta|citta (चित्त)]]


  - **Ahaṁkāra (Ego):** This is the sense of individuality and identification with the self, encapsulated in the notion of 'I-ness'. It is the aspect that demarcates personal identity, experiences, and asserts the ego's boundaries.
=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Mind
* Intellect
* Ego
* Consciousness


  - **Citta (Consciousness):** This part reflects and sustains awareness, maintaining a continuous focus on one's purposes and goals. It gives cohesion to thoughts and experiences by retaining memory and cognizing self-interest.
=== Commentary (टीका) ===
 
This verse delves into the facets of the *antaḥkaraṇa* (inner instrument), explaining its components and their functions. The *manas* is recognized as the seat of *saṅkalpa-vikalpana* (deliberation and doubt), revealing its role in sifting through possibilities. The *buddhi* signifies the capability of definitive determination, illustrating its role as the decision-making faculty by affirming or rejecting perceptions and ideas. The *ahaṅkāra* and *citta* also form part of the inner instrument, each with distinct yet integral functions. Together these elements symbolize the holistic nature of human cognition and identity, highlighting the complexity and interrelatedness of the mind's processes and capacities.
In this analysis, we see how the complex operations of human psychology are simplified into four main categories in Vedantic philosophy. Each aspect, though subtle, plays a critical role in shaping human consciousness and the sense of self across experiences. Understanding these differences helps in the broader spiritual goal of self-awareness and liberation in Vedantic thought.


'''
'''
Further Readings:'''
* [[Vedanta]]
* [[Vivekachudamani]]

Latest revision as of 16:07, 7 January 2025

Sloka 93

Sloka (श्लोक)

निगद्यतेऽन्तःकरणं मनोधीः
अहंकृतिश्चित्तमिति स्ववृत्तिभिः ।
मनस्तु संकल्पविकल्पनादिभिः
बुद्धिः पदार्थाध्यवसायधर्मतः ॥ ९३ ॥

पदच्छेद / Padaccheda

निगद्यते अन्तःकरणं मनः धीः
अहंकृतिः चित्तम् इति स्ववृत्तिभिः ।
मनः तु संकल्प-विकल्पन-आदिभिः
बुद्धिः पदार्थ-अध्यवसाय-धर्मतः ॥

Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)

nigadyate 'ntaḥkaraṇaṁ mano dhīḥ
ahaṅkṛtiś cittaṁ iti svavṛttibhiḥ |
manaḥ tu saṅkalpa-vikalpanādibhiḥ
buddhiḥ padārtha-adhyavasāya-dharmataḥ || 93 ||

Translation (अनुवाद)

The inner instrument is stated to be composed of mind, intellect, ego, and consciousness through their respective functions; the mind through deliberation and doubt, the intellect through definitive ascertainment of objects.

Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)

Sanskrit (संस्कृत) English Meaning (अर्थ) Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
निगद्यते (nigadyate) is stated कहा जाता है
अन्तःकरणं (antaḥkaraṇaṁ) inner instrument आन्तरिक उपकरण
मनः (manaḥ) mind मन
धीः (dhīḥ) intellect बुद्धि
अहंकृतिः (ahaṅkṛtiḥ) ego अहंकार
चित्तम् (cittam) consciousness चित्त
इति (iti) thus इस प्रकार
स्ववृत्तिभिः (svavṛttibhiḥ) through their respective functions अपनी-अपनी वृत्तियों से
तु (tu) but, nevertheless लेकिन, किन्तु
संकल्प-विकल्पन (saṅkalpa-vikalpana) deliberation and doubt संकल्प- विकल्प
आदिभिः (ādibhiḥ) etc. आदि
पदार्थ (padārtha) objects पदार्थों
अध्यवसाय (adhyavasāya) definitive ascertainment निश्चित निर्धारण
धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) due to the nature धर्मतः

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
कर्ता (Subject) क्रिया (Verb) विधान (Object) अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
अन्तःकरणं निगद्यते मनः धीः अहंकृतिः चित्तम् The inner instrument is stated to be the mind, intellect, ego, and consciousness. आन्तरिक उपकरण मन, बुद्धि, अहंकार और चित्त कहा जाता है।
मनः कार्यः संकल्प-विकल्पन-आदि The function of the mind is deliberation and doubt. मन का कार्य संकल्प विकल्प आदि है।
बुद्धिः कार्यः पदार्थ-अध्यवसाय The function of the intellect is definitive ascertainment of objects. बुद्धि का कार्य पदार्थों का निश्चित निर्धारण है।

Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)

Categories (वर्गीकरण)

  • Mind
  • Intellect
  • Ego
  • Consciousness

Commentary (टीका)

This verse delves into the facets of the *antaḥkaraṇa* (inner instrument), explaining its components and their functions. The *manas* is recognized as the seat of *saṅkalpa-vikalpana* (deliberation and doubt), revealing its role in sifting through possibilities. The *buddhi* signifies the capability of definitive determination, illustrating its role as the decision-making faculty by affirming or rejecting perceptions and ideas. The *ahaṅkāra* and *citta* also form part of the inner instrument, each with distinct yet integral functions. Together these elements symbolize the holistic nature of human cognition and identity, highlighting the complexity and interrelatedness of the mind's processes and capacities.

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