Sloka 49: Difference between revisions

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== Sloka 49 ==
== Sloka 49 ==
'''Original Text:'''
 
 
=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===
 
<pre>
<pre>
को नाम बन्धः कथमेष आगतः
को नाम बन्धः कथमेष आगतः
कथं प्रतिष्ठास्य कथं विमोक्षः ।  
कथं प्रतिष्ठास्य कथं विमोक्षः ।
कोऽसावनात्मा परमः क आत्मा
कोऽसावनात्मा परमः क आत्मा
तयोर्विवेकः कथमेतदुच्यताम् ॥ ४९ ॥  
तयोर्विवेकः कथमेतदुच्यताम् ॥ ४९ ॥
</pre>
</pre>


Certainly! Here is a detailed breakdown of the given sloka:
=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
 
को
- **Transliteration:**
नाम
  Ko nāma bandhaḥ katham eṣa āgataḥ
बन्धः
  katham pratiṣṭhāsya kathaṁ vimokṣaḥ।
कथम्
  ko'sāvanātmā paramaḥ ka ātmā
एषः
  tayorvivekaḥ kathametaducyatām ॥ 49 ॥
आगतः
कथं
प्रतिष्ठा
अस्य
कथं
विमोक्षः
कः
असौ
अनात्मा
परमः
कः
आत्मा
तयोः
विवेकः
कथम्
एतत्
उच्यताम्


- **Translation:**
=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
  What is bondage? How has it arisen? How does it continue to exist, and how is one liberated from it? What is the non-self, and who is the supreme Self? How can one discern between these two? May this be explained.
ko nāma bandhaḥ katham eṣa āgataḥ kathaṁ pratiṣṭhāsya kathaṁ vimokṣaḥ |
ko'sāvanātmā paramaḥ ka ātmā tayor vivekaḥ katham etad ucyatām || 49 ||


- **Word Meanings:**
=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
  * ko - who
What is bondage, how has it arisen, how does it continue, and how is liberation achieved? What is the non-self, what is the supreme self, and how is discrimination between them to be understood?
  * nāma - indeed
  * bandhaḥ - bondage
  * katham - how
  * eṣaḥ - this
  * āgataḥ - has come
  * katham - how
  * pratiṣṭhā - continuity or stability
  * asya - of this
  * katham - how
  * vimokṣaḥ - liberation
  * kaḥ - who
  * asau - that (non-self)
  * anātma - not the self
  * paramaḥ - supreme
  * kaḥ - who
  * ātmā - the Self
  * tayoḥ - of these two
  * vivekaḥ - discernment
  * katham - how
  * etat - this
  * ucyatām - may it be explained


- **Commentary:**
=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
  This verse, often found in Advaita Vedanta texts, such as the Vivekachudamani by Adi Shankaracharya, encapsulates the core inquiries essential for spiritual seekers aiming to understand the nature of reality. The questions posed here are fundamental in discerning the difference between the transient and the eternal, the self and the non-self.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
|-
| को (kaḥ) || what || क्या
|-
| नाम (nāma) || indeed || वास्तव में
|-
| बन्धः (bandhaḥ) || bondage || बंधन
|-
| कथम् (katham) || how || कैसे
|-
| एषः (eṣaḥ) || this || यह
|-
| आगतः (āgataḥ) || arisen || उत्पन्न हुआ
|-
| कथं (katham) || how || कैसे
|-
| प्रतिष्ठा (pratiṣṭhā) || sustains || स्थिरता
|-
| अस्य (asya) || of this || इसका
|-
| कथं (katham) || how || कैसे
|-
| विमोक्षः (vimokṣaḥ) || liberation || मुक्ति
|-
| कः (kaḥ) || who || कौन
|-
| असौ (asau) || that || वह
|-
| अनात्मा (anātmā) || non-self || अनात्मा
|-
| परमः (paramaḥ) || supreme || सर्वोच्च
|-
| कः (kaḥ) || who || कौन
|-
| आत्मा (ātmā) || self || आत्मा
|-
| तयोः (tayoḥ) || of them || उनमें
|-
| विवेकः (vivekaḥ) || discrimination || विवेक
|-
| कथम् (katham) || how || कैसे
|-
| एतत् (etat) || this || यह
|-
| उच्यताम् (ucyatām) || is to be told || कहा जाए
|}


  Bondage, in the context of Vedanta, refers to the limitations and suffering born from ignorance (avidyā), which clouds one's true nature as the eternal, blissful self (ātman). The sloka eloquently raises foundational questions to be contemplated by the student of Vedanta.
=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| प्रश्न (questioner) || उच्यताम् || (विवेक) कथम् || The questioner asks how discrimination is to be understood. || प्रश्नकर्ता पूछता है, विवेक कैसे समझा जाए।
|-
| प्रश्नकर्ता || प्रश्नयति || (बन्धः) क्या || The questioner asks what bondage is. || प्रश्नकर्ता पूछता है, बंधन क्या है।
|-
| प्रश्नकर्ता || प्रश्नयति || (विमोक्षः) कैसे || The questioner asks how liberation is achieved. || प्रश्नकर्ता पूछता है, मुक्ति कैसे प्राप्त होती है।
|}


  The inquiry into "what bondage is" and "how it arises" drives one to understand that bondage is not a physical shackle but a psychological and spiritual delusion created by misidentifying the self with the body and mind. The continuity of this bondage is maintained by deep-rooted habits and misconceptions.
=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[bandha|bandha (बन्धः)]]
* [[vimokṣa|vimokṣa (विमोक्षः)]]
* [[ātman|ātman (आत्मा)]]
* [[anātmā|anātmā (अनात्मा)]]
* [[viveka|viveka (विवेक)]]


  Liberation (moksha) is the dissolving of these misconceptions through knowledge (jnana), self-inquiry, and discernment (viveka) between the real (Brahman) and the unreal (the material and mental worlds which are transient and impermanent).
=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Bondage and Liberation
* Self and Non-Self
* Discrimination


  The distinction between the non-self (anātma) and the supreme self (paramātma) is crucial. The non-self comprises the physical body, emotions, thoughts, and ego, while the supreme self is the ultimate reality, the unchanging, infinite consciousness that pervades all.
=== Commentary (टीका) ===
 
This verse poses fundamental questions central to the quest for self-realization in Vedantic philosophy. It queries about the nature of *bandha* (bondage), its origin, continuity, and the means of *vimokṣa* (liberation). It invites introspection into the distinction between what is *anātmā* (non-self) and the *parama* *ātman* (supreme self). The concept of *viveka* or discrimination is crucial; it guides the seeker to discern between the transient and the eternal. Emphasizing the pursuit of truth, it calls for understanding these complex metaphysical ideas to achieve spiritual liberation.
  This verse encourages the seeker to engage in deep reflection and inquiry, guided by teachings and the wisdom of realized masters. It embodies the quintessential approach of Advaita Vedanta in seeking truth through reasoned discernment and self-realization.


'''
'''
Further Readings:'''
* [[Vedanta]]
* [[Vivekachudamani]]

Latest revision as of 15:52, 7 January 2025

Sloka 49

Sloka (श्लोक)

को नाम बन्धः कथमेष आगतः
कथं प्रतिष्ठास्य कथं विमोक्षः ।
कोऽसावनात्मा परमः क आत्मा
तयोर्विवेकः कथमेतदुच्यताम् ॥ ४९ ॥

पदच्छेद / Padaccheda

को नाम बन्धः कथम् एषः आगतः कथं प्रतिष्ठा अस्य कथं विमोक्षः कः असौ अनात्मा परमः कः आत्मा तयोः विवेकः कथम् एतत् उच्यताम्

Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)

ko nāma bandhaḥ katham eṣa āgataḥ kathaṁ pratiṣṭhāsya kathaṁ vimokṣaḥ | ko'sāvanātmā paramaḥ ka ātmā tayor vivekaḥ katham etad ucyatām || 49 ||

Translation (अनुवाद)

What is bondage, how has it arisen, how does it continue, and how is liberation achieved? What is the non-self, what is the supreme self, and how is discrimination between them to be understood?

Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)

Sanskrit (संस्कृत) English Meaning (अर्थ) Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
को (kaḥ) what क्या
नाम (nāma) indeed वास्तव में
बन्धः (bandhaḥ) bondage बंधन
कथम् (katham) how कैसे
एषः (eṣaḥ) this यह
आगतः (āgataḥ) arisen उत्पन्न हुआ
कथं (katham) how कैसे
प्रतिष्ठा (pratiṣṭhā) sustains स्थिरता
अस्य (asya) of this इसका
कथं (katham) how कैसे
विमोक्षः (vimokṣaḥ) liberation मुक्ति
कः (kaḥ) who कौन
असौ (asau) that वह
अनात्मा (anātmā) non-self अनात्मा
परमः (paramaḥ) supreme सर्वोच्च
कः (kaḥ) who कौन
आत्मा (ātmā) self आत्मा
तयोः (tayoḥ) of them उनमें
विवेकः (vivekaḥ) discrimination विवेक
कथम् (katham) how कैसे
एतत् (etat) this यह
उच्यताम् (ucyatām) is to be told कहा जाए

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
कर्ता (Subject) क्रिया (Verb) विधान (Object) अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
प्रश्न (questioner) उच्यताम् (विवेक) कथम् The questioner asks how discrimination is to be understood. प्रश्नकर्ता पूछता है, विवेक कैसे समझा जाए।
प्रश्नकर्ता प्रश्नयति (बन्धः) क्या The questioner asks what bondage is. प्रश्नकर्ता पूछता है, बंधन क्या है।
प्रश्नकर्ता प्रश्नयति (विमोक्षः) कैसे The questioner asks how liberation is achieved. प्रश्नकर्ता पूछता है, मुक्ति कैसे प्राप्त होती है।

Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)

Categories (वर्गीकरण)

  • Bondage and Liberation
  • Self and Non-Self
  • Discrimination

Commentary (टीका)

This verse poses fundamental questions central to the quest for self-realization in Vedantic philosophy. It queries about the nature of *bandha* (bondage), its origin, continuity, and the means of *vimokṣa* (liberation). It invites introspection into the distinction between what is *anātmā* (non-self) and the *parama* *ātman* (supreme self). The concept of *viveka* or discrimination is crucial; it guides the seeker to discern between the transient and the eternal. Emphasizing the pursuit of truth, it calls for understanding these complex metaphysical ideas to achieve spiritual liberation.

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