Sutra 2 1 38: Difference between revisions
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=== English === | === English === | ||
This sūtra states that if inference is based on obstruction, destruction, or similarity, and there is deviation (vyabhicāra) in these, then such inference is not a valid means of knowledge. In other words, when the reason for inference does not consistently lead to the result due to exceptions or irregularities, the knowledge derived from such inference is not considered valid. | This sūtra states that if inference is based on obstruction, destruction, or similarity, and there is deviation (vyabhicāra) in these, then such inference is not a valid means of knowledge. In other words, when the reason for inference does not consistently lead to the result due to exceptions or irregularities, the knowledge derived from such inference is not considered valid. | ||
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==== <big>Edited Concept List</big> ==== | |||
* व्यभिचार (deviation) | |||
* अनुमान (inference) | |||
* अप्रमाण (invalid means of knowledge) | |||
Latest revision as of 15:47, 15 May 2025
Sutra 2_1_38
Original Text:
रोधोपघातसादृश्येभ्यो व्यभिचारादनुमानमप्रमाणम्
Word-by-Word Breakdown
| Sanskrit Term | Transliteration | Hindi Meaning | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| रोध | rodha | निषेध, बाधा – किसी चीज़ का अवरोध या रुकावट | obstruction, prevention |
| उपघात | upaghāta | नाश, विनाश – किसी वस्तु का नष्ट होना | destruction, annihilation |
| सादृश्येभ्यः | sādr̥śyebhyaḥ | समानता से – समानता के आधार पर | from similarities, due to resemblance |
| व्यभिचारात् | vyabhicārāt | असंगति के कारण – अपेक्षित संबंध का अभाव | due to irregularity, because of deviation |
| अनुमानम् | anumānam | तर्क, अनुमान – ज्ञान का वह साधन जो लक्षणों से निष्कर्ष निकालता है | inference, logical reasoning |
| अप्रमाणम् | apramāṇam | प्रमाण न होना – यथार्थ ज्ञान का साधन न होना | not a valid means of knowledge, invalid cognition |
Concept List
- रोध (obstruction)
- उपघात (destruction)
- सादृश्य (similarity)
- व्यभिचार (deviation)
- अनुमान (inference)
- प्रमाण (valid means of knowledge)
- अप्रमाण (invalid means of knowledge)
Subject–Verb–Object Triples
- inference – becomes invalid – due to deviation from obstruction
- inference – becomes invalid – due to deviation from destruction
- inference – becomes invalid – due to deviation from similarity
Triple Tables
Hindi
| विषय (S) | संबंध (V) | वस्तु (O) |
|---|---|---|
| अनुमान | अमान्य हो जाता है | रोध में व्यभिचार के कारण |
| अनुमान | अमान्य हो जाता है | उपघात में व्यभिचार के कारण |
| अनुमान | अमान्य हो जाता है | सादृश्य में व्यभिचार के कारण |
English
| Subject (S) | Relation (V) | Object (O) |
|---|---|---|
| inference | becomes invalid | due to deviation in obstruction |
| inference | becomes invalid | due to deviation in destruction |
| inference | becomes invalid | due to deviation in similarity |
Translation/Explanation
Hindi
इस सूत्र में कहा गया है कि यदि अनुमान का आधार रोध (अवरोध), उपघात (नाश) या सादृश्य (समानता) हो, और उसमें व्यभिचार (अपवाद या असंगति) पाया जाए, तो ऐसा अनुमान प्रमाण नहीं माना जाता। अर्थात्, जब अनुमान का हेतु इन कारणों से हमेशा कार्य नहीं करता, तो उससे प्राप्त ज्ञान प्रमाण नहीं होता।
English
This sūtra states that if inference is based on obstruction, destruction, or similarity, and there is deviation (vyabhicāra) in these, then such inference is not a valid means of knowledge. In other words, when the reason for inference does not consistently lead to the result due to exceptions or irregularities, the knowledge derived from such inference is not considered valid.
Edited Concept List
- व्यभिचार (deviation)
- अनुमान (inference)
- अप्रमाण (invalid means of knowledge)