Sloka 69: Difference between revisions

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== Sloka 69 ==
== Sloka 69 ==
'''Original Text:'''
 
 
=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===
 
<pre>
<pre>
मोक्षस्य हेतुः प्रथमो निगद्यते
मोक्षस्य हेतुः प्रथमो निगद्यते
वैराग्यमत्यन्तमनित्यवस्तुषु ।  
वैराग्यमत्यन्तमनित्यवस्तुषु ।  
ततः शमश्चापि दमस्तितिक्षा
ततः शमश्चापि दमस्तितिक्षा
न्यासः प्रसक्ताखिलकर्मणां भृशम् ॥ ६९ ॥  
न्यासः प्रसक्ताखिलकर्मणां भृशम् ॥ ६९ ॥
</pre>
</pre>


Certainly! Let's delve into the given sloka:
=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
मोक्षस्य हेतुः प्रथमः निगद्यते<br />
वैराग्यम् अत्यन्तम् अनित्यवस्तुषु ।<br />
ततः शमः च अपि दमः तितिक्षा<br />
न्यासः प्रसक्त अखिल-कर्मणां भृशम् ॥


- **Transliteration:**
=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
  Mokṣasya hetuḥ prathamo nigadyate
mokṣasya hetuḥ prathamo nigadyate<br />
  vairāgyamatyantamanityavastuṣu |
vairāgyam atyantam anityavastuṣu |<br />
  tataḥ śamaścāpi damastitikṣā
tataḥ śamaś cāpi damaḥ titikṣā<br />
  nyāsaḥ prasaktākhilakarmaṇāṁ bhṛśam || 69 ||
nyāsaḥ prasakta-akhila-karmaṇāṁ bhṛśam || 69 ||


- **Translation:**
=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
  The primary cause of liberation is said to be complete dispassion towards all transient things. Thereafter, come tranquility, control of the senses, forbearance, and complete renunciation of all bound activities.
The primary cause of liberation is said to be intense dispassion towards impermanent things, along with tranquility, self-control, endurance, and the renunciation of all attached actions.


- **Word Meanings:**
=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
  * Mokṣasya - of liberation
{| class="wikitable"
  * Hetuḥ - cause
|-
  * Prathamaḥ - primary
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
  * Nigadyate - is said
|-
  * Vairāgyam - dispassion
| मोक्षस्य (mokṣasya) || of liberation || मोक्ष का
  * Atyantam - extreme or complete
|-
  * Anitya - impermanent
| हेतुः (hetuḥ) || cause || कारण
  * Vastuṣu - towards things
|-
  * Tataḥ - thereafter
| प्रथमः (prathamaḥ) || first || पहला
  * Śamaḥ - tranquility
|-
  * Ca - and
| निगद्यते (nigadyate) || is said || कहा जाता है
  * Api - also
|-
  * Damaḥ - control of the senses
| वैराग्यम् (vairāgyam) || dispassion || वैराग्य
  * Titikṣā - forbearance
|-
  * Nyāsaḥ - renunciation
| अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) || intense || अत्यधिक
  * Prasakta - involved or attached
|-
  * Akhila - all
| अनित्यवस्तुषु (anityavastuṣu) || towards impermanent things || अनित्य वस्तुओं में
  * Karmaṇām - of activities
|-
  * Bhṛśam - abundantly or completely
| ततः (tataḥ) || thereafter || तत्पश्चात
|-
| शमः (śamaḥ) || tranquility || शांति
|-
| च (ca) || and || और
|-
| अपि (api) || also || भी
|-
| दमः (damaḥ) || self-control || आत्मसंयम
|-
| तितिक्षा (titikṣā) || endurance || सहनशीलता
|-
| न्यासः (nyāsaḥ) || renunciation || त्याग
|-
| प्रसक्त (prasakta) || attached || संलग्न
|-
| अखिलकर्मणां (akhila-karmaṇāṁ) || of all actions || सभी कर्मों का
|-
| भृशम् (bhṛśam) || intensely || बहुत
|}


- **Commentary:**
=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
  This sloka highlights the essential requisites for achieving moksha, or liberation, in Vedantic philosophy. The sequence begins with vairāgya, or dispassion, which is emphasized as the most fundamental prerequisite. This dispassion concerns the realization of the impermanent nature of worldly objects and attachments. It is through this understanding and inward withdrawal that one can cultivate inner peace (śama), the control of senses (dama), and endurance of life's dualities and challenges (titikṣā).
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| वैराग्यम् || निगद्यते || मोक्षस्य प्रथमो हेतुः || Dispassion is said to be the first cause of liberation. || वैराग्य को मोक्ष का प्रथम कारण कहा जाता है।
|-
| न्यासः || भृशम् || प्रसक्त अखिलकर्मणां || Renunciation is intensely of all attached actions. || त्याग अत्यधिक संलग्न सभी कर्मों का होता है।
|}


  The sloka stresses that true renunciation (nyāsa) is not merely about external renunciation of actions but involves a profound internal detachment from the fruits of all actions, thus leading to liberation. This internal transformation, while maintaining outward composure and control, aligns with the Vedantic view that liberation is a state of being that arises from deep understanding and the cultivation of specific attributes rather than mere ritualistic practices.
=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[mokṣa|mokṣa (मोक्ष)]]
* [[vairāgya|vairāgya (वैराग्य)]]
* [[ānitya|ānitya (अनित्य)]]
* [[nyāsa|nyāsa (न्यास)]]


  By presenting these sequential qualities, the text essentially maps a pathway toward spiritual freedom, suggesting practical steps towards achieving the ultimate goal of human life as portrayed in Hindu philosophy. Each attribute builds upon the previous, guiding the aspirant from external control toward ultimate internal renunciation and peace.
=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Liberation
* Dispassion
* Renunciation
* Self-control
 
=== Commentary (टीका) ===
This verse emphasizes the foundational qualities necessary for achieving *mokṣa* or liberation. The primary requisite is intense *vairāgya*, or dispassion, towards the impermanent or transient worldly objects, which prevents attachment. Following this are essential disciplines: *śama* (tranquility) represents mental peace and the ability to stay calm amidst chaos; *dama* (self-control) pertains to restraining the senses; *titikṣā* (endurance) refers to the ability to withstand hardships without complaint. Finally, *nyāsa* (renunciation) denotes the complete abandonment of all actions that bind the soul. Together, these qualities cultivate an individual's readiness for liberation from the cycle of birth and death. The sloka underscores the deep philosophical insight that true liberation can only be attained by unwavering commitment to these virtues.


'''
'''
Further Readings:'''
* [[Vedanta]]
* [[Vivekachudamani]]

Latest revision as of 15:59, 7 January 2025

Sloka 69

Sloka (श्लोक)

मोक्षस्य हेतुः प्रथमो निगद्यते
वैराग्यमत्यन्तमनित्यवस्तुषु । 
ततः शमश्चापि दमस्तितिक्षा
न्यासः प्रसक्ताखिलकर्मणां भृशम् ॥ ६९ ॥

पदच्छेद / Padaccheda

मोक्षस्य हेतुः प्रथमः निगद्यते
वैराग्यम् अत्यन्तम् अनित्यवस्तुषु ।
ततः शमः च अपि दमः तितिक्षा
न्यासः प्रसक्त अखिल-कर्मणां भृशम् ॥

Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)

mokṣasya hetuḥ prathamo nigadyate
vairāgyam atyantam anityavastuṣu |
tataḥ śamaś cāpi damaḥ titikṣā
nyāsaḥ prasakta-akhila-karmaṇāṁ bhṛśam || 69 ||

Translation (अनुवाद)

The primary cause of liberation is said to be intense dispassion towards impermanent things, along with tranquility, self-control, endurance, and the renunciation of all attached actions.

Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)

Sanskrit (संस्कृत) English Meaning (अर्थ) Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
मोक्षस्य (mokṣasya) of liberation मोक्ष का
हेतुः (hetuḥ) cause कारण
प्रथमः (prathamaḥ) first पहला
निगद्यते (nigadyate) is said कहा जाता है
वैराग्यम् (vairāgyam) dispassion वैराग्य
अत्यन्तम् (atyantam) intense अत्यधिक
अनित्यवस्तुषु (anityavastuṣu) towards impermanent things अनित्य वस्तुओं में
ततः (tataḥ) thereafter तत्पश्चात
शमः (śamaḥ) tranquility शांति
च (ca) and और
अपि (api) also भी
दमः (damaḥ) self-control आत्मसंयम
तितिक्षा (titikṣā) endurance सहनशीलता
न्यासः (nyāsaḥ) renunciation त्याग
प्रसक्त (prasakta) attached संलग्न
अखिलकर्मणां (akhila-karmaṇāṁ) of all actions सभी कर्मों का
भृशम् (bhṛśam) intensely बहुत

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples

कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
कर्ता (Subject) क्रिया (Verb) विधान (Object) अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
वैराग्यम् निगद्यते मोक्षस्य प्रथमो हेतुः Dispassion is said to be the first cause of liberation. वैराग्य को मोक्ष का प्रथम कारण कहा जाता है।
न्यासः भृशम् प्रसक्त अखिलकर्मणां Renunciation is intensely of all attached actions. त्याग अत्यधिक संलग्न सभी कर्मों का होता है।

Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)

Categories (वर्गीकरण)

  • Liberation
  • Dispassion
  • Renunciation
  • Self-control

Commentary (टीका)

This verse emphasizes the foundational qualities necessary for achieving *mokṣa* or liberation. The primary requisite is intense *vairāgya*, or dispassion, towards the impermanent or transient worldly objects, which prevents attachment. Following this are essential disciplines: *śama* (tranquility) represents mental peace and the ability to stay calm amidst chaos; *dama* (self-control) pertains to restraining the senses; *titikṣā* (endurance) refers to the ability to withstand hardships without complaint. Finally, *nyāsa* (renunciation) denotes the complete abandonment of all actions that bind the soul. Together, these qualities cultivate an individual's readiness for liberation from the cycle of birth and death. The sloka underscores the deep philosophical insight that true liberation can only be attained by unwavering commitment to these virtues.

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