View source for Sbg1.34


== Sloka 1.34 ==

== Analysis of Sloka 1.34 from the Bhagavad Gita ==

=== Sloka (श्लोक) ===

<pre>
मूल श्लोकः
आचार्याः पितरः पुत्रास्तथैव च पितामहाः।
मातुलाः श्वशुराः पौत्राः श्यालाः सम्बन्धिनस्तथा।।1.34।।
</pre>

=== पदच्छेद / Padaccheda ===
- आचार्याः
- पितरः
- पुत्राः
- तथा
- एव
- च
- पितामहाः
- मातुलाः
- श्वशुराः
- पौत्राः
- श्यालाः
- सम्बन्धिनः
- तथा

=== Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण) ===
ācāryāḥ pitaraḥ putrās tathaiva ca pitāmahāḥ |
mātulāḥ śvaśurāḥ pautrāḥ śyālāḥ sambandhinaḥ tathā || 1.34 ||

=== Translation (अनुवाद) ===
The sloka lists the relationships of those whom Arjuna sees in the opposing army. It indicates how Arjuna perceives the conflict not just as a battlefield scenario but as a struggle involving his own family members like teachers (ācārya), fathers (pitaraḥ), sons (putrāḥ), grandfathers (pitāmahāḥ), maternal uncles (mātulāḥ), fathers-in-law (śvaśurāḥ), grandsons (pautrāḥ), brothers-in-law (śyālāḥ), and other relatives (sambandhinaḥ).

=== Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ) ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sanskrit (संस्कृत) !! English Meaning (अर्थ) !! Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ)
|-
| आचार्याः || teachers || अध्यापक
|-
| पितरः || fathers || पिता
|-
| पुत्राः || sons || पुत्र
|-
| तथा || thus || उसी प्रकार
|-
| एव || also || भी
|-
| च || and || तथा
|-
| पितामहाः || grandfathers || दादा
|-
| मातुलाः || maternal uncles || मामा
|-
| श्वशुराः || fathers-in-law || ससुर
|-
| पौत्राः || grandsons || पोते
|-
| श्यालाः || brothers-in-law || साले
|-
| सम्बन्धिनः || relatives || रिश्तेदार
|-
| तथा || likewise || उसी प्रकार
|}

=== कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
! कर्ता (Subject) !! क्रिया (Verb) !! विधान (Object) !! अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation !! हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation
|-
| Arjuna || perceives || relations in conflict || Arjuna perceives relations in conflict || अर्जुन युद्ध में संबंधों को देखता है
|-
| Relations || are || varied and closely-knit || Relations are varied and closely-knit || संबंध विविध और घनिष्ठ होते हैं
|}

=== Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ) ===
* [[ācāryā|āchārya (आचार्य)]]
* [[pitara|pitara (पिता)]]
* [[putra|putra (पुत्र)]]
* [[pitāmaha|pitāmaha (पितामह)]]
* [[mātula|mātula (मातुल)]]
* [[śvaśura|śvaśura (श्वशुर)]]
* [[pautra|pautra (पौत्र)]]
* [[śyāla|śyāla (श्याल)]]
* [[sambandhinaḥ|sambandhinaḥ (सम्बन्धिनः)]]

=== Categories (वर्गीकरण) ===
* Identifying familial relationships
* Emotional conflicts in the battlefield
* Ethical dilemma in warfare

=== Commentary (टीका) ===
Arjuna is confronted by an emotional dilemma as he sees numerous family members, elders, and revered teachers in the opposing army. He feels that engaging in a battle against them is contradictory to his dharma (duty), as these people hold significant personal and familial importance to him. The Hindi commentary by Swami Ramsukhdas elaborates on the ethical conflict, pointing out that these family ties invoke feelings of attachment and moral consideration, prompting Arjuna's reluctance to fight. This illustrates the Vedantic theme of the material and emotional attachments that bind individuals to worldly existence, epitomized by *saṁsāra-dāvānala* (the forest fire of worldly existence).

The English commentary underlines the relationships identified in the sloka, but does not delve deeply into their implications, leaving room for further exploration of Arjuna's moral predicament.