Sutra 5 2 17

Sutra 5_2_17

Original Text:

अविज्ञातञ्चाज्ञानम्

Word-by-Word Breakdown

Sanskrit Term	Transliteration	Hindi Meaning	English Meaning
अविज्ञातम्	avijñātam	जो ज्ञात नहीं है – जिसे जाना नहीं गया है	that which is not known
च	ca	और – साथ ही	and
अज्ञानम्	ajñānam	अविद्या – ज्ञान का अभाव	ignorance; absence of knowledge

Concept List

• अविज्ञातम् (that which is not known)
• अज्ञानम् (ignorance; absence of knowledge)

Subject–Verb–Object Triples

• that which is not known – is defined as – ignorance
• ignorance – is characterized by – absence of knowledge

Triple Tables

Hindi

विषय (S)	संबंध (V)	वस्तु (O)
जो ज्ञात नहीं है	के रूप में परिभाषित है	अज्ञान
अज्ञान	द्वारा चिह्नित है	ज्ञान का अभाव

English

Subject (S)	Relation (V)	Object (O)
that which is not known	is defined as	ignorance
ignorance	is characterized by	absence of knowledge

Translation/Explanation

Hindi

इस सूत्र में कहा गया है कि जो वस्तु या तथ्य ज्ञात नहीं है, वही अज्ञान कहलाता है। अर्थात्, अज्ञान का अर्थ है किसी विषय के ज्ञान का अभाव। न्याय दर्शन में अज्ञान को ऐसे ही परिभाषित किया गया है—जहाँ ज्ञान नहीं है, वही अज्ञान है।

English

This sūtra states that ignorance is that which is not known. In other words, ignorance is defined as the absence of knowledge regarding a particular object or fact. In the Nyāya system, ignorance is precisely characterized in this manner—where knowledge is absent, there is ignorance.