Sutra 4 1 4

Sutra 4_1_4

Original Text:

नैकप्रत्यनीकभावात्

Word-by-Word Breakdown

Sanskrit Term	Transliteration	Hindi Meaning	English Meaning
न	na	नहीं – अभाव, निषेध	not; absence; negation
एक	eka	एक – केवल एक, अद्वितीय	one; single; unique
प्रत्यनीक	pratyanīka	विरोधी – प्रतिद्वंदी, विपरीत	opposite; adversary; contrary
भावात्	bhāvāt	होने के कारण – अस्तित्व के कारण	due to existence; because of being; on account of presence

Concept List

• एकप्रत्यनीकभाव (the state of being a single opposite)
• अभाव (absence/negation)
• कारण (cause/reason)
• विरोध (opposition)

Subject–Verb–Object Triples

• एकप्रत्यनीकभाव – does not exist due to – अभाव
• अभाव – is caused by – प्रत्यनीकभाव
• विरोध – is negated by – अभाव

Triple Tables

Hindi

विषय (S)	संबंध (V)	वस्तु (O)
एकप्रत्यनीकभाव	अस्तित्व में नहीं है क्योंकि	अभाव
अभाव	उत्पन्न होता है	प्रत्यनीकभाव
विरोध	नष्ट किया जाता है	अभाव

English

Subject (S)	Relation (V)	Object (O)
State of being a single opposite	does not exist due to	absence
Absence	is caused by	opposition
Opposition	is negated by	absence

Translation/Explanation

Hindi

इस सूत्र का तात्पर्य है कि केवल एक विरोधी के कारण अभाव की स्थापना नहीं होती। अर्थात्, किसी वस्तु का अभाव तब ही माना जाता है जब उसके अनेक विरोधी हों, केवल एक विरोधी से अभाव नहीं सिद्ध होता। न्याय दर्शन में यह सिद्धांत अभाव के स्वरूप को स्पष्ट करता है।

English

The meaning of this sūtra is that the absence (abhāva) cannot be established merely due to the presence of a single opposite. In other words, in Nyāya philosophy, absence is recognized only when there are multiple opposites; the presence of just one opposite is insufficient to establish non-existence. This principle clarifies the nature of absence in the Nyāya system.