Sutra 3 1 45

From IKS BHU
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Sutra 3_1_45

Original Text:

त्वगव्यतिरेकात्

Word-by-Word Breakdown

Sanskrit Term Transliteration Hindi Meaning English Meaning
त्वक् tvak त्वचा – शरीर की बाहरी परत skin – the outer covering of the body
अव्यतिरेकात् avyatirekāt अभाव का अभाव होने के कारण due to non-separation (absence of absence)

Concept List

  • त्वक् (skin)
  • अव्यतिरेक (non-separation / inseparability)

Subject–Verb–Object Triples

  • त्वक् – is inseparable from – (that which is indicated)
  • त्वक् – is present with – (the property under discussion)

Triple Tables

Hindi

विषय (S) संबंध (V) वस्तु (O)
त्वक् अभिन्न है (जिसका उल्लेख है)
त्वक् उपस्थित रहती है (वह गुण)

English

Subject (S) Relation (V) Object (O)
skin is inseparable from (that which is indicated)
skin is present with (the property under discussion)

Translation/Explanation

Hindi

यह सूत्र बताता है कि त्वचा (त्वक्) का अभाव नहीं पाया जाता, अर्थात् जिस वस्तु में त्वचा का अभाव नहीं है, वही गुण या वस्तु यहाँ लक्षित है। इसका तात्पर्य यह है कि जिस गुण की उपस्थिति त्वचा के बिना नहीं होती, वही यहाँ प्रमाणित किया जा रहा है।

English

This sūtra states that the absence of skin (tvak) is not found, meaning that the property or entity in question is always present with skin. The implication is that the property being discussed is inseparable from skin, and its presence is established only where skin exists.