Sutra 2 2 1

Sutra 2_2_1

Original Text:

न चतुष्ट्वमैतिह्यार्थापत्तिसम्भवाभावप्रामाण्यात्

Word-by-Word Breakdown

Sanskrit Term	Transliteration	Hindi Meaning	English Meaning
न	na	नहीं – निषेध, अस्वीकृति	not; negation
चतुष्ट्वम्	catuṣṭvam	चारत्व – चार का समूह, संख्या चार	quaternity; the state of being four
ऐतिह्य	aitihya	परंपरागत श्रुति – परंपरा से प्राप्त ज्ञान	tradition; hearsay
अर्थापत्ति	arthāpatti	अनिवार्य निष्कर्ष – तर्क द्वारा आवश्यक निष्कर्ष	presumption; postulation
सम्भव	sambhava	संभावना – संभवता, संभावना	possibility; probability
अभाव	abhāva	अभाव – अनुपस्थिति, न होना	non-existence; absence
प्रामाण्यात्	prāmāṇyāt	प्रमाणता के कारण – प्रमाण के रूप में मान्यता के कारण	due to validity as a means of knowledge

Concept List

• चतुष्ट्वम् (quaternity)
• ऐतिह्य (tradition)
• अर्थापत्ति (presumption)
• सम्भव (possibility)
• अभाव (non-existence)
• प्रामाण्य (validity as a means of knowledge)

Subject–Verb–Object Triples

• tradition – lacks – validity as a means of knowledge
• presumption – lacks – validity as a means of knowledge
• possibility – lacks – validity as a means of knowledge
• non-existence – lacks – validity as a means of knowledge
• quaternity – does not arise – from tradition
• quaternity – does not arise – from presumption
• quaternity – does not arise – from possibility
• quaternity – does not arise – from non-existence

Triple Tables

Hindi

विषय (S)	संबंध (V)	वस्तु (O)
ऐतिह्य	प्रमाणता से रहित है	प्रमाण
अर्थापत्ति	प्रमाणता से रहित है	प्रमाण
सम्भव	प्रमाणता से रहित है	प्रमाण
अभाव	प्रमाणता से रहित है	प्रमाण
चतुष्ट्वम्	उत्पन्न नहीं होता	ऐतिह्य
चतुष्ट्वम्	उत्पन्न नहीं होता	अर्थापत्ति
चतुष्ट्वम्	उत्पन्न नहीं होता	सम्भव
चतुष्ट्वम्	उत्पन्न नहीं होता	अभाव

English

Subject (S)	Relation (V)	Object (O)
tradition	lacks	validity as a means of knowledge
presumption	lacks	validity as a means of knowledge
possibility	lacks	validity as a means of knowledge
non-existence	lacks	validity as a means of knowledge
quaternity	does not arise	from tradition
quaternity	does not arise	from presumption
quaternity	does not arise	from possibility
quaternity	does not arise	from non-existence

Translation/Explanation

Hindi

इस सूत्र में कहा गया है कि ‘चारत्व’ (चतुष्ट्व) की सिद्धि न तो परंपरा (ऐतिह्य), न ही अनिवार्य निष्कर्ष (अर्थापत्ति), न संभावना (सम्भव) और न ही अभाव (अभाव) के प्रमाण से होती है, क्योंकि ये साधनों को प्रमाण के रूप में मान्यता प्राप्त नहीं है। अतः इनसे ‘चारत्व’ का ज्ञान नहीं प्राप्त किया जा सकता।

English

This sūtra states that the knowledge of "quaternity" (the state of being four) cannot be established through tradition (hearsay), presumption (arthāpatti), possibility (sambhava), or non-existence (abhāva), because these means are not recognized as valid sources of knowledge (pramāṇa) in this context. Therefore, "quaternity" cannot be known by relying on these sources.

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Edited Concept List

• प्रामाण्य (validity as a means of knowledge)