Sutra 2 1 57

Sutra 2_1_57

Original Text:

तदप्रमाण्यमनृतव्याघातपुनरुक्तदोषेभ्यः

Word-by-Word Breakdown

Sanskrit Term	Transliteration	Hindi Meaning	English Meaning
तत्	tat	वह – पूर्ववर्णित विषय	that (the previously mentioned subject)
अप्रमाण्यम्	apramāṇyam	प्रमाण न होना – प्रमाणत्व का अभाव	invalidity as a means of knowledge; lack of pramāṇa-status
अनृत	anṛta	असत्य – झूठ	falsehood; untruth
व्याघात	vyāghāta	विरोध – परस्पर विरोधाभास	contradiction; mutual opposition
पुनरुक्त	punarukta	पुनः कहा गया – दोहराव	repetition; redundancy
दोषेभ्यः	doṣebhyaḥ	दोषों से – त्रुटियों से	from the faults; from the defects

Concept List

• अप्रमाण्यम् (invalidity as a means of knowledge)
• अनृत (falsehood)
• व्याघात (contradiction)
• पुनरुक्त (repetition)
• दोष (defect/fault)

Subject–Verb–Object Triples

• अप्रमाण्यम् – arises from – दोष
• दोष – include – अनृत
• दोष – include – व्याघात
• दोष – include – पुनरुक्त

Triple Tables

Hindi

विषय (S)	संबंध (V)	वस्तु (O)
अप्रमाण्यम्	उत्पन्न होता है	दोष
दोष	में सम्मिलित हैं	अनृत
दोष	में सम्मिलित हैं	व्याघात
दोष	में सम्मिलित हैं	पुनरुक्त

English

Subject (S)	Relation (V)	Object (O)
Invalidity as a means of knowledge	arises from	defects
Defects	include	falsehood
Defects	include	contradiction
Defects	include	repetition

Translation/Explanation

Hindi

इस सूत्र में कहा गया है कि जब किसी कथन में असत्य, विरोधाभास या पुनरावृत्ति जैसे दोष उपस्थित होते हैं, तब वह प्रमाण नहीं माना जाता। अर्थात्, इन दोषों के कारण उसका प्रमाणत्व नष्ट हो जाता है।

English

This sūtra states that when a statement contains defects such as falsehood, contradiction, or repetition, it loses its status as a valid means of knowledge. In other words, the presence of these faults renders it invalid as pramāṇa.

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Edited Concept List

• अप्रमाण्यम् (invalidity as a means of knowledge)