Sutra 1 1 6

Sutra 1_1_6

Original Text:

प्रसिद्धसाधर्म्यात् साध्यसाधनमुपमानम्

Word-by-Word Breakdown

Sanskrit Term	Transliteration	Hindi Meaning	English Meaning
प्रसिद्ध	prasiddha	प्रसिद्ध – सामान्यतः ज्ञात या प्रचलित	commonly known or established
साधर्म्यात्	sādharmyāt	समानता के कारण – गुण या स्वरूप में समानता के कारण	due to similarity (in attribute or nature)
साध्य	sādhyā	सिद्ध्य के लिए – जो जानना या स्थापित करना है	that which is to be established (the target concept)
साधनम्	sādhanam	साधन – जानने का माध्यम या उपाय	means of knowledge or instrument
उपमानम्	upamānam	उपमान – उपमेय और उपमान के बीच समानता से उत्पन्न ज्ञान	comparison (analogy as a means of knowledge)

Concept List

• उपमान (upamāna)
• प्रसिद्धसाधर्म्य (similarity to the well-known)
• साध्य (the object to be known)
• साधन (means of knowledge)

Subject–Verb–Object Triples

• उपमान – उत्पन्न करता है – साध्यसाधन (analogy produces means for knowing the target)
• प्रसिद्धसाधर्म्य – कारण है – उपमान (similarity to the well-known is the cause of analogy)

Triple Tables

Hindi

विषय (S)	संबंध (V)	वस्तु (O)
उपमान	उत्पन्न करता है	साध्यसाधन
प्रसिद्धसाधर्म्य	कारण है	उपमान

English

Subject (S)	Relation (V)	Object (O)
Analogy (Upamāna)	produces	means for knowing the target (sādhyasādhana)
Similarity to the well-known (prasiddha-sādharmya)	is the cause of	analogy (upamāna)

Translation/Explanation

Hindi

इस सूत्र में कहा गया है कि जब किसी ज्ञात वस्तु के समानता के आधार पर किसी अज्ञात वस्तु का ज्ञान होता है, तब उस ज्ञान के साधन को 'उपमान' कहा जाता है। अर्थात्, प्रसिद्ध वस्तु के साथ समानता के कारण जो साध्य (जानने योग्य) वस्तु का ज्ञान प्राप्त होता है, वह उपमान प्रमाण कहलाता है।

English

This sūtra states that when knowledge of an unknown object is obtained through its similarity to a well-known object, the means of such knowledge is called 'analogy' (upamāna). In other words, due to similarity with something commonly known, the means by which the target object is known is termed analogy as a valid source of knowledge.