Sutra 1 1 40

Sutra 1_1_40

Original Text:

अविज्ञाततत्वेऽर्थे कारणोपपत्तितस्तत्त्वज्ञानार्थमूहस्तर्कः मूहस्तर्कः

Word-by-Word Breakdown

Sanskrit Term	Transliteration	Hindi Meaning	English Meaning
अविज्ञाततत्वे	avijñātatattve	जब तत्त्व का ज्ञान न हो	when the true nature is unknown
अर्थे	arthe	विषय में	in the matter (subject)
कारणोपपत्तितः	kāraṇopapattitaḥ	कारण के प्रमाण से	by the establishment of cause
तत्त्वज्ञानार्थम्	tattvajñānārtham	तत्त्व के ज्ञान के लिए	for the knowledge of the true nature
ऊहः	ūhaḥ	अनुमान	hypothetical reasoning
तर्कः	tarkaḥ	तर्क	logical reasoning
ऊहः तर्कः	ūhaḥ tarkaḥ	अनुमानात्मक तर्क	hypothetical reasoning (as tarka)

Concept List

• अविज्ञाततत्त्व (unknown true nature)
• कारणोपपत्ति (establishment of cause)
• तत्त्वज्ञान (knowledge of true nature)
• ऊह (hypothetical reasoning)
• तर्क (logical reasoning)
• अर्थ (subject/matter)

Subject–Verb–Object Triples

• hypothetical reasoning – is employed for attaining – knowledge of true nature
• establishment of cause – leads to – knowledge of true nature
• logical reasoning – arises from – hypothetical reasoning

Triple Tables

Hindi

विषय (S)	संबंध (V)	वस्तु (O)
ऊह	प्रयुक्त होता है तत्त्वज्ञान के लिए	तत्त्वज्ञान
कारणोपपत्ति	पहुँचाती है	तत्त्वज्ञान
तर्क	उत्पन्न होता है	ऊह

English

Subject (S)	Relation (V)	Object (O)
hypothetical reasoning	is employed for attaining	knowledge of true nature
establishment of cause	leads to	knowledge of true nature
logical reasoning	arises from	hypothetical reasoning

Translation/Explanation

Hindi

जब किसी विषय का तत्त्व ज्ञात नहीं होता, तब कारण के प्रमाण से तत्त्व के ज्ञान के लिए जो अनुमान या विचार किया जाता है, वही ऊह तर्क कहलाता है। यहाँ तर्क का अर्थ है—तत्त्वज्ञान प्राप्त करने के लिए अनुमान द्वारा विचार करना।

English

When the true nature of a subject is unknown, hypothetical reasoning based on the establishment of causes is employed to attain knowledge of the true nature. Here, tarka (logical reasoning) refers to the process of reasoning through hypothesis in order to reach true knowledge.

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Edited Concept List

• अविज्ञाततत्त्व (unknown true nature)
• कारणोपपत्ति (establishment of cause)
• तत्त्वज्ञान (knowledge of true nature)
• ऊह (hypothetical reasoning)
• तर्क (logical reasoning)