Sloka 191
Sloka 191
Sloka (श्लोक)
उपाधिसंबन्धवशात्परात्मा ह्युपाधिधर्माननुभाति तद्गुणः । अयोविकारानविकारिवन्हिवत् सदैकरूपोऽपि परः स्वभावात् ॥ १९१ ॥
पदच्छेद / Padaccheda
उपाधि-संबन्ध-वशात्
परात्मा
हि
उपाधि-धर्मान्
अनुभाति
तत्-गुणः
अय-विकारान्
अविकारी-वान्
हिवत्
सदा-एक-रूपः
अपि
परः
स्वभावात्
Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)
upādhi-saṃbandha-vaśāt
parātmā
hi
upādhi-dharmān
anubhāti
tat-guṇaḥ
ayo-vikārān
avikārivat
sadā-eka-rūpaḥ
api
paraḥ
svabhāvāt
Translation (अनुवाद)
By connection with attributes, the supreme self appears to take on those qualities, like fire seeming to change through the iron it heats, while inherently remaining changeless.
Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)
| Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Meaning (अर्थ) | Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ) |
|---|---|---|
| उपाधि-संबन्ध-वशात् (upādhi-saṃbandha-vaśāt) | due to association with conditioning | उपाधियों के संबंधवश |
| परात्मा (parātmā) | the supreme self | परमात्मा |
| हि (hi) | indeed | वास्तव में |
| उपाधि-धर्मान् (upādhi-dharmān) | the attributes of the adjuncts | उपाधियों के धर्म |
| अनुभाति (anubhāti) | experiences or reflects | अनुभव करता है |
| तत्-गुणः (tat-guṇaḥ) | those qualities | उन गुणों |
| अय-विकारान् (ayo-vikārān) | changes of iron | लोहे के विकार |
| अविकारी-वान् (avikārivat) | without change, like | विकार रहित |
| सदा-एक-रूपः (sadā-eka-rūpaḥ) | eternally of one form | सदैव एक रूप |
| अपि (api) | even | भी |
| परः (paraḥ) | supreme | श्रेष्ठ |
| स्वभावात् (svabhāvāt) | by nature | स्वभाव से |
कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples
| कर्ता (Subject) | क्रिया (Verb) | विधान (Object) | अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation | हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| परात्मा | अनुभाति | उपाधि-धर्मान् | The supreme self reflects the attributes of the adjuncts. | परमात्मा उपाधियों के धर्मों का अनुभव करता है। |
| परात्मा | सदा एक रूप | है | The supreme self is eternally of one form. | परमात्मा सदैव एक रूप है। |
Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)
Categories (वर्गीकरण)
- Philosophy
- Vedanta
- Spirituality
Commentary (टीका)
This sloka delves into the nature of the supreme self (parātmā), elucidating how it appears to acquire the attributes (upādhi) of limiting adjuncts. The analogy compares the supreme self to fire (agni), which seems to take on changes (vikāra) when associated with iron (aya) but remains inherently unaltered (avikārivat). The core teaching highlights that the essential nature (svabhāva) of the supreme self is ever unchanging and unified, illustrating a fundamental tenet of Vedantic philosophy regarding the illusory nature of worldly modifications and the changeless essence of the self. This encourages practitioners to see beyond surface attributes and recognize the unchanging reality within.