Sloka 157
Sloka 157
Sloka (श्लोक)
देहतद्धर्मतत्कर्मतदवस्थादिसाक्षिणः । सत एव स्वतःसिद्धं तद्वैलक्षण्यमात्मनः ॥ १५७ ॥
पदच्छेद / Padaccheda
देह-तत्-धर्म- तत्-कर्म-तत्-अवस्था-आदि-साक्षिणः । सत् एव स्वतः-सिद्धं तत्-वैलक्षण्यम्-आत्मनः ॥
Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)
deha-tad-dharma-tat-karma-tad-avasthādi-sākṣiṇaḥ | sat eva svataḥ-siddhaṁ tad-vailakṣaṇyam-ātmanaḥ || 157 ||
Translation (अनुवाद)
The distinctiveness of the Self, as the witness of the body, its attributes, actions, and conditions, is self-evident.
Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)
| Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Meaning (अर्थ) | Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ) |
|---|---|---|
| देह (deha) | body | शरीर |
| तत्-धर्म (tat-dharma) | its attributes | उसके गुण |
| तत्-कर्म (tat-karma) | its actions | उसके कर्म |
| तत्-अवस्था (tat-avasthā) | its conditions | उसकी अवस्थाएँ |
| आदि (ādi) | etc. | आदि |
| साक्षिणः (sākṣiṇaḥ) | of the witness | साक्षी का |
| सत् (sat) | truth | सत्य |
| एव (eva) | indeed | वास्तव में |
| स्वतः-सिद्धं (svataḥ-siddhaṁ) | self-evident | स्वयं सिद्ध |
| तत्-वैलक्षण्यम् (tad-vailakṣaṇyam) | distinctiveness | भिन्नता |
| आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) | of the Self | आत्मा की |
कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples
| कर्ता (Subject) | क्रिया (Verb) | विधान (Object) | अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation | हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| आत्मनः | सिद्धं (is) | वैलक्षण्यम् | The distinctiveness of the Self is self-evident. | आत्मा की भिन्नता स्वयं सिद्ध है। |
| आत्मनः | साक्षिणः (implied) | देह आदि | The Self is the witness of the body, etc. | आत्मा शरीर आदि का साक्षी है। |
Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)
Categories (वर्गीकरण)
- Self-realization
- Consciousness
- Vedantic Philosophy
Commentary (टीका)
This verse emphasizes the intrinsic distinctiveness of the *ātman* (Self), which functions as a *sākṣin* (witness) to the physical body, its attributes, actions, and states. The concept of *svataḥ-siddha*, meaning self-evident, suggests that the Self’s uniqueness and its nature as the witness do not depend on any external validation. In Vedantic philosophy, the *ātman* transcends bodily identification and remains unaltered despite the fluctuating conditions of existence. This reveals the steadfast nature of consciousness amid the transient world, underscoring a fundamental teaching in understanding one’s true self.