Section 2 80

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अध्यास-निरूपण तथा उसका निराकरण | Definition and negation of superimposition

Summary (in English)

These slokas delineate a deep exploration of the nature of *adhyāsa* (superimposition) and the path to its negation, a pivotal theme in Vedantic spiritual enlightenment. They articulate the persistence of *vāsanā* (latent tendencies) which uphold the *kartā* (doer) and *bhoktā* (enjoyer) misconceptions, reinforcing worldly entrapment (*saṁsāra*). By focusing on the *ātman* (Self) through *pratyag-dṛṣṭi* (inward vision), these misconceptions can be dismantled, leading to *mokṣa* (liberation). The wise use *svātma-niṣṭha* (self-abidance) to extricate the *I* and *mine* identifications from the *anātman* (non-self), such as the body and senses. Cultivating *sad-vṛtti* (true discernment) helps witnesses distinguish between true and false self. Moving away from external *vāsaṇā* detaches one from societal, bodily, and scriptural conformities. Liberation from the prison of worldly desires, metaphorically depicted as iron-chains, requires shedding ingrained misconceptions, advocating constant introspection and focus on one's ultimate nature. The journey entails refined self-awareness, nourishing the divine *vāsanā* (inclination) toward the *brahman* (Supreme). Scholars employ scriptures, logic, and direct experience to negate superimpositions and validate the unity of *ātman* and *brahman*. Mastering this esoteric wisdom empowers one to reorient towards ultimate self-realization, transcending ego-bound misidentifications, and glimpsing the illusory dream-like state of worldly perception.

सारांश

ये श्लोक अध्यात्म के गहरे अन्वेषण में *अध्यास* (आरोपण) के स्वरूप और उसके नकार पर केंद्रित हैं, जो वेदान्तिक आत्म ज्ञान में एक प्रमुख भूमिका निभाते हैं। वे उन *वासना* (गुप्त प्रवृत्तियों) की परीक्षा करते हैं जो *कर्ता* (कर्ता) और *भोक्ता* (भोक्ता) के भ्रम को बनाए रखते हैं, जिससे सांसारिक बंधन (*संसार*) को सुदृढ़ करते हैं। *आत्मनि* (स्वयं) के प्रति *प्रत्यग्दृष्टि* (अंतर्मुखी दृष्टि) द्वारा इन भ्रांतियों को हटाया जा सकता है, जिससे *मोक्ष* (मुक्ति) की प्राप्ति होती है। विद्वान *स्वात्मनिष्ठा* (आत्मनिमग्नता) के माध्यम से शरीर और इंद्रियों जैसे अनात्मन (गैर-आत्मा) से *अहम* और *मम* की पहचानों को बाहर निकालते हैं। *सद्वृत्ति* (सत्य विवेक) का पोषण करके वास्तविक और झूठे आत्म को भेदने में सहायक होता है। बाहरी *वासना* से दूर रहना सामाजिक, शारीरिक और शास्त्र conformities से छुटकारा दिलाता है। विश्वलयों की जेल से मुक्ति, जिसे लोहे की जंजीरों के समान चित्रित किया गया है, में जड़ों गहराई से धारण किए गए भ्रमों को मार गिराने की आवश्यकता होती है, जो स्वयं के परम स्वभाव पर निरंतर ध्यान और आत्मनिरीक्षण की प्रवृत्ति को दर्शाता है। साधना में, अंतर्मुख साधना के साथ, यह आदेश करता है कि बंधनकारी अहंकार-संबद्ध पहचानों को पुनः समायोजित किया जाए, और सांसारिक ज्ञान के सपनों जैसे स्थिति का दृष्टिगत अनुभव किया जाए।

Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)

Topics

  • The negation of superimpositions
  • The process of diminishing latent tendencies
  • Distinguishing between self and non-self
  • Importance of inward focus and introspection
  • Overcoming desires for liberation
  • Purification of the mind through discernment

Categories (वर्गीकरण)

  • Definitions (of a concept)
  • Teaching a method for spiritual practice
  • Explaining metaphors for self-realization

S-V-O Tuples or Propositions as Text

Subject-Verb-Object (S-V-O) Tuples
Subject Verb Object
Latent Tendencies Establish Doer-Enjoer Identity
The Wise Remove Wrong identification with non-self
Practitioner Cultivate Sad-Vṛtti for true realization
Seeker Abandon Conformity to external desires
Liberated One Attain Freedom by overcoming desires
Knowledge Arise By transcending worldly desires
Sage Has No activity concerning acceptance/rejection
Correct Understanding Provides Foundation for real self-identification
Disciplined Soul Dissolve False ego identity
Wise One Recognize Worldly perception as dream-like
Seeker Reflect On self


Slokas & Translations

Sloka 267

ज्ञाते वस्तुन्यपि बलवती वासनानादिरेषा
कर्ता भोक्ताप्यहमिति दृढा यास्य संसारहेतुः । 
प्रत्यग्दृष्ट्यात्मनि निवसता सापनेया प्रयत्नान्
मुक्तिं प्राहुस्तदिह मुनयो वासनातानवं यत् ॥ २६७ ॥

Translation: Even with the realization of truth, the beginningless tendencies are strong, which firmly establish the doer-enjoyer identity and are the cause of worldly existence. With effort, these should be removed by dwelling in the Self with inward vision, for sages declare liberation as the diminishment of tendencies.


Sloka 268

अहं ममेति यो भावो देहाक्षादावनात्मनि ।
अध्यासोऽयं निरस्तव्यो विदुषा स्वात्मनिष्ठया ॥ २६८ ॥

Translation: The misconception of identification as 'I' and 'mine' with the non-self like the body and senses should be discarded by the wise through self-abidance.


Sloka 269

ज्ञात्वा स्वं प्रत्यगात्मानं बुद्धितद्वृत्तिसाक्षिणम् ।
सोऽहमित्येव सद्वृत्त्यानात्मन्यात्ममतिं जहि ॥ २६९ ॥

Translation: Having known your inner self as the witness of the mind's modifications, abandon the notion of self in the non-self with true discernment.


Sloka 270

लोकानुवर्तनं त्यक्त्वा त्यक्त्वा देहानुवर्तनम् ।
शास्त्रानुवर्तनं त्यक्त्वा स्वाध्यासापनयं कुरु ॥ २७0 ॥

Translation: Abandon the conformity to societal actions, bodily actions, and scriptural instructions; instead, focus on removing your own misconceptions.


Sloka 271

लोकवासनया जन्तोः शास्त्रवासनयापि च ।
देहवासनया ज्ञानं यथावन्नैव जायते ॥ २७१ ॥

Translation: Knowledge does not arise in its true form for a being due to desires for worldly, scriptural, and bodily attachments.


Sloka 272

संसारकारागृहमोक्षमिच्छोर्
अयोमायां पादनिबन्धशृङ्खलम् ।
वदन्ति तज्ज्ञाः पटु वासनात्रयं
योऽस्माद्विमुक्तः समुपैति मुक्तिम् ॥ २७२ ॥

Translation: For one who desires liberation from the worldly prison, the learned declare that the trio of strong desires is an iron-chain binding the feet. One who is freed from these attains liberation.


Sloka 273

जलादिसंसर्गवशात्प्रभूत
दुर्गन्धधूतागरुदिव्यवासना ।
संघर्षणेनैव विभाति सम्यग्
विधूयमाने सति बाह्यगन्धे ॥ २७३ ॥

Translation: When external odours are eliminated, the innate divine fragrance of agarwood shines forth clearly, despite being overwhelmed by contact with water and other substances.


Sloka 274

अन्तःश्रितानन्तदूरन्तवासना
धूलीविलिप्ता परमात्मवासना ।
प्रज्ञातिसंघर्षणतो विशुद्धा
प्रतीयते चन्दनगन्धवत्स्फुटम् ॥ २७४ ॥

Translation: The pure inclination towards the Supreme Self, though initially obscured by endless, deep-seated habitual impressions, becomes manifest like the fragrance of sandalwood when purified through intense intellectual friction.


Sloka 275

अनात्मवासनाजालैस्तिरोभूतात्मवासना ।
नित्यात्मनिष्ठया तेषां नाशे भाति स्वयं स्फुटम् ॥ २७५ ॥

Translation: When the tendencies towards non-self are dissipated, the innate self-tendencies shine forth clearly through the continuous focus on the eternal self.


Sloka 276

यथा यथा प्रत्यगवस्थितं मनः
तथा तथा मुञ्चति बाह्यवासनाम् ।
निःशेषमोक्षे सति वासनानां
आत्मानुभूतिः प्रतिबन्धशून्या ॥ २७६ ॥

Translation: As the mind turns inward, it gradually releases external desires. When all desires are eradicated, the experience of the self becomes unimpeded.


Sloka 277

स्वात्मन्येव सदा स्थित्वा मनो नश्यति योगिनः ।
वासनानां क्षयश्चातः स्वाध्यासापनयं कुरु ॥ २७७ ॥

Translation: By remaining always established in the self, the mind of the yogi dissolves; thus, make effort to remove self-imposed misconceptions.


Sloka 278

तमो द्वाभ्यां रजः सत्त्वात्सत्त्वं शुद्धेन नश्यति ।
तस्मात्सत्त्वमवष्टभ्य स्वाध्यासापनयं कुरु ॥ २७८ ॥

Translation: Darkness is destroyed by two things: passion by goodness, and goodness by purity. Therefore, firmly adhere to goodness and remove incorrect self-identification.


Sloka 279

प्रारब्धं पुष्यति वपुरिति निश्चित्य निश्चलः । 
धैर्यमालम्ब्य यत्नेन स्वाध्यासापनयं कुरु ॥ २७९ ॥

Translation: Realize firmly, the body is sustained by destiny. By relying on courage, diligently remove your false self-identification.


Sloka 280

नाहं जीवः परं ब्रह्मेत्यतद्व्यावृत्तिपूर्वकम् ।
वासनावेगतः प्राप्तस्वाध्यासापनयं कुरु ॥ २८ ॥

Translation: Negate the superimpositions arising from latent tendencies by affirming 'I am not the individual soul but the Supreme Brahman.'


Sloka 281

श्रुत्या युक्त्या स्वानुभूत्या ज्ञात्वा सार्वात्म्यमात्मनः ।
क्वचिदाभासतः प्राप्तस्वाध्यासापनयं कुरु ॥ २८१ ॥

Translation: Know the universality of the self through scripture, reasoning, and personal experience, and remove the delusion that appears at times.


Sloka 282

अनादानविसर्गाभ्यामीषन्नास्ति क्रिया मुनेः ।
तदेकनिष्ठया नित्यं स्वाध्यासापनयं कुरु ॥ २८२ ॥

Translation: A sage has no slightest activity concerning acceptance and rejection; thus, with singular focus, always remove your superimpositions.


Sloka 283

तत्त्वमस्यादिवाक्योत्थब्रह्मात्मैकत्वबोधतः ।
ब्रह्मण्यात्मत्वदार्ढ्याय स्वाध्यासापनयं कुरु ॥ २८३ ॥

Translation: By understanding the oneness of Brahman and self, as taught in "Tat Tvam Asi" and other mahāvākyas, remove superimpositions for firm establishment in the knowledge of Brahman.


Sloka 284

अहंभावस्य देहेऽस्मिन्निःशेषविलयावधि ।
सावधानेन युक्तात्मा स्वाध्यासापनयं कुरु ॥ २८४ ॥

Translation: Until the complete dissolution of the ego in this body, (O) disciplined soul, diligently remove false identifications.


Sloka 285

प्रतीतिर्जीवजगतोः स्वप्नवद्भाति यावता ।
तावन्निरन्तरं विद्वन्स्वाध्यासापनयं कुरु ॥ २८५ ॥

Translation: Until the perception of the individual and the world appears like a dream, continuously, O wise one, remove your false superimpositions.


Sloka 286

निद्राया लोकवार्तायाः शब्दादेरपि विस्मृतेः ।
क्वचिन्नावसरं दत्त्वा चिन्तयात्मानमात्मनि ॥ २८६ ॥

Translation: Without giving time to sleep, worldly news, and sounds, reflect upon yourself within.

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