Section 1 21
Advaita Upadesam
Summary (in English)
The set of slokas from 464 to 478 in Advaita Upadesam describe the non-dual essence of Brahman, emphasizing its complete, changeless, and indivisible nature. Each verse reinforces the idea that Brahman is one without a second (ekam eva advayam), negating any notion of multiplicity or duality in the universe. Brahman is depicted as immeasurable, eternal, and beyond sensory perception, embodying existence (sat), consciousness (chit), and bliss (ānanda). The journey to realizing this truth involves transcending desires and conceptual distinctions, seeking self-realization through personal experience, scriptures, reason, and divine grace. Ultimately, liberation (mokṣa) is achieved by understanding that the self is Brahman and the entire world is a manifestation of the same singular reality.
सारांश
इन श्लोकों के माध्यम से अद्वैत की शिक्षा को समझाया गया है, जिसमें ब्रह्म का गुण-रहीतः स्वरूप और उसकी अद्वितीयता का विवेचन है। प्रत्येक श्लोक ने ब्रह्म को एकता का प्रतीक बताया है, जहाँ किसी प्रकार की द्वैति या विभेद का निषेध किया गया है। ब्रह्म को अस्तित्व, चेतना और आनंद का व्यक्तित्व बताया गया है। इस सत्य को जानने के लिए इच्छाओं और मानसिक भेदों को त्याग कर, स्वानुभव, शास्त्रों, तर्क और ईश्वर कृपा द्वारा आत्मज्ञान की ओर अग्रसर होना आवश्यक है। अन्ततः, मोक्ष की प्राप्ति अपने और सम्पूर्ण सृष्टि को ब्रह्म के अभिन्न रूप में जानकार होती है।
Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)
Topics
- Nature and Attributes of Brahman
- Advaita (Non-duality) Philosophy
- Path of Self-realization
- Role of Scriptures, Reasoning, and Personal Experience in Knowledge Acquisition
- Liberation (Mokṣa) through Non-dual Understanding
Categories (वर्गीकरण)
- Teaching on Non-duality
- Exposition on Nature of Reality (Brahman)
- Self-realization Pathways
- Importance of Direct Experience and Scriptures
S-V-O Tuples or Propositions as Text
| Subject | Verb | Object |
|---|---|---|
| Brahman | is | without a second |
| Brahman | pervades | all existence |
| Seeker | attains | supreme bliss through self-realization |
| Scriptures | confirm | non-dual nature of reality |
| One's awareness | dispels | delusion |
| Enlightened being | perceives | self beyond dualism |
| Wisdom | requires | divine grace |
| Knowledge | comes from | direct experience |
| Mokṣa | comes | from non-dual realization |
Slokas & Translations
Sloka 464
परिपूर्णमनाद्यन्तमप्रमेयमविक्रियम् । एकमेवाद्वयं ब्रह्म नेह नानास्ति किंचन ॥ ४६४ ॥
Translation: The Brahman is complete, without beginning or end, immeasurable and changeless, one without a second; here, indeed, nothing else exists.
Sloka 465
सद्गनं चिद्घनं नित्यमानन्दघनमक्रियम् । एकमेवाद्वयं ब्रह्म नेह नानास्ति किंचन ॥ ४६५ ॥
Translation: Brahman is one, without a second, made of existence, consciousness, and bliss, without action. Here, nothing is manifold.
Sloka 466
प्रत्यगेकरसं पूर्णमनन्तं सर्वतोमुखम् । एकमेवाद्वयं ब्रह्म नेह नानास्ति किंचन ॥ ४६६ ॥
Translation: Brahman is the one, non-dual essence, perfect, infinite, and all-pervading; in it, there is no multiplicity whatsoever.
Sloka 467
अहेयमनुपादेयमनादेयमनाश्रयम् । एकमेवाद्वयं ब्रह्म नेह नानास्ति किंचन ॥ ४६७ ॥
Translation: Brahman is one, non-dual, unreachable, unchangeable, and independent; nothing diverse exists here.
Sloka 468
निर्गुणं निष्कलं सूक्ष्मं निर्विकल्पं निरञ्जनम् । एकमेवाद्वयं ब्रह्म नेह नानास्ति किंचन ॥ ४६८ ॥
Translation: Brahman is attributeless, partless, subtle, changeless, and pure. It is one, non-dual, and there is nothing else here.
Sloka 469
अनिरूप्य स्वरूपं यन्मनोवाचामगोचरम् । एकमेवाद्वयं ब्रह्म नेह नानास्ति किंचन ॥ ४६९ ॥
Translation: Brahman is indescribable and beyond the grasp of mind and speech; it is One without a second. Indeed, there is no multiplicity here.
Sloka 470
सत्समृद्धं स्वतःसिद्धं शुद्धं बुद्धमनीदृशम् । एकमेवाद्वयं ब्रह्म नेह नानास्ति किंचन ॥ ४७ ॥
Translation: The ultimate Brahman is one, non-dual, inherently perfect, pure, and of unmatched wisdom; here there is no diversity at all.
Sloka 471
निरस्तरागा विनिरस्तभोगाः शान्ताः सुदान्ता यतयो महान्तः । विज्ञाय तत्त्वं परमेतदन्ते प्राप्ताः परां निर्वृतिमात्मयोगात् ॥ ४७१ ॥
Translation: The great ascetics, having eliminated desires and pleasures, attaining peace, control, and knowledge of the supreme truth, ultimately achieve supreme bliss through self-realization.
Sloka 472
भवानपीदं परतत्त्वमात्मनः स्वरूपमानन्दघनं विचार्य । विधूय मोहं स्वमनःप्रकल्पितं मुक्तः कृतार्थो भवतु प्रबुद्धः ॥ ४७२ ॥
Translation: May you, having contemplated this supreme truth of the self as the essence of bliss, dispel the delusion conceived by your mind, and become liberated, fulfilled, and awakened.
Sloka 473
समाधिना साधुविनिश्चलात्मना पश्यात्मतत्त्वं स्फुटबोधचक्षुषा । निःसंशयं सम्यगवेक्षितश्चेच् छ्रुतः पदार्थो न पुनर्विकल्प्यते ॥ ४७३ ॥
Translation: With a steadfast mind through deep concentration and pure insight, one perceives the truth of the self without doubt, and the well-seen entity is not re-evaluated again.
Sloka 474
स्वस्याविद्याबन्धसंबन्धमोक्षात् सत्यज्ञानानन्दरूपात्मलब्धौ । शास्त्रं युक्तिर्देशिकोक्तिः प्रमाणं चान्तःसिद्धा स्वानुभूतिः प्रमाणम् ॥ ४७४ ॥
Translation: For liberation from one's bondage to ignorance and in attaining the self which is of the nature of truth, knowledge, and bliss, the scriptures, reasoning, and the words of a teacher are valid, as also one's own direct inner experience.
Sloka 475
बन्धो मोक्षश्च तृप्तिश्च चिन्तारोग्यक्षुदादयः। स्वेनैव वेद्या यज्ज्ञानं परेषामानुमानिकम् ॥ ४७५ ॥
Translation: Bondage, liberation, satisfaction, worries, disease, hunger, and so on are to be known by oneself; knowledge about them for others is inferred.
Sloka 476
तटस्थिता बोधयन्ति गुरवः श्रुतयो यथा । प्रज्ञयैव तरेद्विद्वानीश्वरानुगृहीतया ॥ ४७६ ॥
Translation: Just as teachings of the scriptures enlighten like the guru, a wise person crosses over by wisdom blessed by divine grace.
Sloka 477
स्वानुभूत्या स्वयं ज्ञात्वा स्वमात्मानमखण्डितम् । संसिद्धः संमुखं तिष्ठेन्निर्विकल्पात्मनात्मनि ॥ ४७७ ॥
Translation: Having realized one's indivisible true self through personal experience, one should stand firmly in the contemplation of the self, beyond dualistic distinctions.
Sloka 478
वेदान्तसिद्धान्तनिरुक्तिरेषा ब्रह्मैव जीवः सकलं जगच्च । अखण्डरूपस्थितिरेव मोक्षो ब्रह्माद्वितीये श्रुतयः प्रमाणम् ॥ ४७८ ॥
Translation: This is the declaration of Vedanta's philosophical conclusion: The Self is Brahman, and the entire world is Brahman too. The state of non-dual realization alone is liberation, and the scriptural texts are the testimony for Brahman being non-dual.