Section 1 17
Vairagyam, Dhyanam, Dharsanam
Summary (in English)
The slokas provided here focus on the progressive path toward spiritual liberation (moksha) through vairāgya (dispassion) and bodha (knowledge). They describe a series of meditative and contemplative practices aimed at restraining the speech, mind, and intellect, ultimately merging them into the infinite self (ātman) to attain supreme peace (paramām śānti). The journey involves renouncing both internal and external attachments, signifying true detachment. It emphasizes that a balanced approach combining both dispassion and knowledge is imperative for spiritual ascendancy, equating them to the two wings necessary for a bird to fly. The aspirant must cultivate an understanding of the Self's true, indivisible nature, akin to the vast sky, amidst the illusory variations created by ignorance (ajñāna). The teachings culminate in realizing the all-pervasive, non-dual Brahman, where true bliss lies beyond the dualities of the world and within the unity of the self.
सारांश
प्रस्तुत श्लोकों में वैराग्य (वैराग्य) और बोध (ज्ञान) के माध्यम से मोक्ष की ओर बढ़ने का मार्ग वर्णित है। ये श्लोक आत्मनि (आत्मा) में वाणी, मन और बुद्धि को संयमित करने और उन्हें पूर्ण आत्मा में विलीन करने की प्रक्रियाओं के बारे में बात करते हैं, जिससे परम शांति (परम शांति) प्राप्त होती है। यह यात्रा आंतरिक और बाह्य दोनों प्रकार के आसक्तियों का त्याग करने की आवश्यकता पर बल देती है, जिससे वास्तविक वैराग्य व्यक्त होता है। यह इस बात पर जोर देता है कि आध्यात्मिक उत्थान के लिए वैराग्य और ज्ञान का संतुलित दृष्टिकोण आवश्यक है, जिसकी तुलना उड़ान भरने के लिए दो पंखों के रूप में की गई है। साधक को अविद्या (अज्ञान) द्वारा निर्मित माया के बीच आत्मा के वास्तविक, अविभाज्य स्वभाव को समझना चाहिए, जो विशाल आकाश के समान है। शिक्षाएँ अंततः सर्वव्यापी, अद्वैत ब्रह्मन के अनुभव में समाप्त होती हैं, जहाँ वास्तविक आनंद विश्व के द्वैतों से परे और आत्मा की एकता में पाया जाता है।
Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)
Topics
- Meditation and introspection
- Detachment and renunciation
- The unity of Self and Brahman
- Path to liberation (moksha)
- True knowledge and wisdom (bodha)
Categories (वर्गीकरण)
- Teaching a method
- Path to liberation
- Definitions of concepts
- Meditation techniques
S-V-O Tuples or Propositions as Text
| Subject | Verb | Object |
|---|---|---|
| Yogī | becomes | his associations (through body, senses, etc.) |
| Sage (Munih) | experiences | complete tranquility |
| Dispassionate one | abandons | both internal and external attachments |
| Aspirant | needs | vairāgya and bodha |
| Practitioner | perceives | Brahman as all-encompassing |
| Mind | establishes | on Brahman |
| Self | shines | through pure consciousness |
| Individual | realizes | non-dual Brahman |
| Enlightened minds | live | as Brahman itself |
The passage delves deep into the practical application and philosophical understanding of achieving spiritual liberation through the internal journey of self-realization and detachment.
Slokas & Translations
Sloka 369
वाचं नियच्छात्मनि तं नियच्छ बुद्धौ धियं यच्छ च बुद्धिसाक्षिणि । तं चापि पूर्णात्मनि निर्विकल्पे विलाप्य शान्तिं परमां भजस्व ॥ ३६९ ॥
Translation: Restrain speech in the self, mind in intellect, and then intellect in the Witness; finally, merge that in the infinite self, attaining supreme peace.
Sloka 370
देहप्राणेन्द्रियमनोबुद्ध्यादिभिरुपाधिभिः । यैर्यैर्वृत्तेःसमायोगस्ततद्भावोऽस्य योगिनः ॥ ३७० ॥
Translation: The nature of the yogi becomes that which he associates with, through the body, life force, senses, mind, intellect and other adjuncts.
Sloka 371
तन्निवृत्त्या मुनेः सम्यक्सर्वोपरमणं सुखम् । संदृश्यते सदानन्दरसानुभवविप्लवः ॥ ३७१ ॥
Translation: Through the cessation of that, the sage experiences complete tranquility and unending bliss.
Sloka 372
अन्तस्त्यागो बहिस्त्यागो विरक्तस्यैव युज्यते । त्यजत्यन्तर्बहिःसङ्गं विरक्तस्तु मुमुक्षया ॥ ३७२ ॥
Translation: Inner and outer renunciation are fitting only for one who is dispassionate; indeed, due to the desire for liberation, the dispassionate one abandons both internal and external attachments.
Sloka 373
बहिस्तु विषयैः सङ्गं तथान्तरहमादिभिः । विरक्त एव शक्नोति त्यक्तुं ब्रह्मणि निष्ठितः ॥ ३७३ ॥
Translation: Only a person who is truly detached can renounce external attachments and internal ego etc., being steadfast in Brahman.
Sloka 374
वैराग्यबोधौ पुरुषस्य पक्षिवत् पक्षौ विजानीहि विचक्षण त्वम् । विमुक्तिसौधाग्रलताधिरोहणं ताभ्यां विना नान्यतरेण सिध्यति ॥ ३७४ ॥
Translation: Understand that dispassion and knowledge are like the two wings of a bird for a man; without these, the ascent to the summit of the mansion of liberation cannot be achieved by either alone.
Sloka 375
अत्यन्तवैराग्यवतः समाधिः समाहितस्यैव दृढप्रबोधः । प्रबुद्धतत्त्वस्य हि बन्धमुक्तिः मुक्तात्मनो नित्यसुखानुभूतिः ॥ ३७५ ॥
Translation: For one with extreme dispassion, there is absorption; for the absorbed, firm wisdom; for the one enlightened in truth, liberation from bondage; for the liberated soul, eternal blissful experience.
Sloka 376
वैराग्यान्न परं सुखस्य जनकं पश्यामि वश्यात्मनः। तच्चेच्छुद्धतरात्मबोधसहितं स्वाराज्यसाम्राज्यधुक्। एतद्द्वारमजस्रमुक्तियुवतेर्यस्मात्त्वमस्मात्परं सर्वत्रास्पृहया सदात्मनि सदा प्रज्ञां कुरु श्रेयसे॥ ३७६ ॥
Translation: I perceive no source of greater happiness for a self-controlled person than detachment; especially when accompanied by the clearer knowledge of the self, it leads to sovereign independence. Therefore, always focus your wisdom inwardly without any desire, leading to eternal liberation.
Sloka 377
आशां छिन्द्धि विषोपमेषु विषयेष्वेषैव मृत्योः कृतिस् त्यक्त्वा जातिकुलाश्रमेष्वभिमतिं मुञ्चातिदूरात्क्रियाः । देहादावसति त्यजात्मधिषणां प्रज्ञां कुरुष्वात्मनि त्वं द्रष्टास्यमनोऽसि निर्द्वयपरं ब्रह्मासि यद्वस्तुतः ॥ ३७७ ॥
Translation: Sever hope from sense objects, compared to poison; relinquishing worldly status and duties, find wisdom within. You are the seer, beyond the mind, truly you are the non-dual Supreme Brahman.
Sloka 378
लक्ष्ये ब्रह्मणि मानसं दृढतरं संस्थाप्य बाह्येन्द्रियं स्वस्थाने विनिवेश्य निश्चलतनुश्चोपेक्ष्य देहस्थितिम् । ब्रह्मात्मैक्यमुपेत्य तन्मायातया चाखण्डवृत्त्यानिशं ब्रह्मानन्दरसं पिबात्मनि मुदा शून्यैः किमन्यैर्भृशम् ॥ ३७८ ॥
Translation: Establish the mind firmly on Brahman, withdrawing external senses; disregard bodily movements, realizing the oneness of Brahman and self. Ever drink the bliss of Brahman within; what use are external voids?
Sloka 379
अनात्मचिन्तनं त्यक्त्वा कश्मलं दुःखकारणम् । चिन्तयात्मानमानन्दरूपं यन्मुक्तिकारणम् ॥ ३७९ ॥
Translation: Abandon the consideration of the non-self which is the cause of distress. Contemplate the self, which is of the nature of bliss and the cause of liberation.
Sloka 380
एष स्वयंज्योतिरशेषसाक्षी विज्ञानकोशो विलसत्यजस्रम् । लक्ष्यं विधायैनमसद्विलक्षणम् अखण्डवृत्त्यात्मतयानुभावय ॥ ३८ ॥
Translation: Witness this Self, the self-luminous, infinite observer, which forever shines through the intellect. Realize it as distinct from the unreal with an undivided awareness, identifying it as the Self.
Sloka 381
एतमच्छीन्नया वृत्त्या प्रत्ययान्तरशून्यया । उल्लेखयन्विजानीयात्स्वस्वरूपतया स्फुटम् ॥ ३८१ ॥
Translation: Clearly understand one's own nature through unbroken and undistracted concentration.
Sloka 382
अत्रात्मत्वं दृढीकुर्वन्नहमादिषु संत्यजन् । उदासीनतया तेषु तिष्ठेत्स्फुटघटादिवत् ॥ ३८२ ॥
Translation: One should strengthen the sense of self within and renounce identification with ego and others, remaining indifferent to them like a clear pot and its forms.
Sloka 383
विशुद्धमन्तःकरणं स्वरूपे निवेश्य साक्षिण्यवबोधमात्रे । शनैः शनैर्निश्चलतामुपानयन् पूर्णं स्वमेवानुविलोकयेत्ततः ॥ ३८३ ॥
Translation: By steadily stabilizing the purified mind in the essence, in pure consciousness, one should then observe one's own fullness.
Sloka 384
देहेन्द्रियप्राणमनोऽहमादिभिः स्वाज्ञानकॢप्तैरखिलैरुपाधिभिः । विमुक्तमात्मानमखण्डरूपं पूर्णं महाकाशमिवावलोकयेत् ॥ ३८४ ॥
Translation: One should perceive the Self, free from all limitations conjured by ignorance, as indivisible and complete, like the vast sky.
Sloka 385
घटकलशकुसूलसूचिमुख्यैः<br /> गगनमुपाधिशतैर्विमुक्तमेकम् । <br /> भवति न विविधं तथैव शुद्धं<br /> परमहमादिविमुक्तमेकमेव ॥ ३८५ ॥
Translation: Just as the one sky, unobstructed by multiple adjuncts such as pots, dishes, and needles, does not become diverse, so is the supreme self, eternally free and pure, one without a second.
Sloka 386
ब्रह्मादिस्तम्बपर्यन्ता मृषामात्रा उपाधयः । ततः पूर्णं स्वमात्मानं पश्येदेकात्मना स्थितम् ॥ ३८६ ॥
Translation: From the creator to the smallest being, all distinctions are mere illusions. Thus, one should see one's own self as complete and established in oneness.
Sloka 387
यत्र भ्रान्त्या कल्पितं तद्विवेके तत्तन्मात्रं नैव तस्माद्विफिन्नम् । भ्रान्तेर्नाशे भाति दृष्टाहितत्त्वं रज्जुस्तद्वद्विश्वमात्मस्वरूपम् ॥ ३८७ ॥
Translation: Wherever something is imagined due to illusion, in the light of discrimination, it is seen not different from that base; upon the destruction of the illusion, reality shines forth, like a rope appearing as the world in one's true self-nature.
Sloka 388
स्वयं ब्रह्मा स्वयं विष्णुः स्वयमिन्द्रः स्वयं शिवः । स्वयं विश्वमिदं सर्वं स्वस्मादन्यन्न किंचन ॥ ३८८ ॥
Translation: He himself is Brahma, Vishnu, Indra, and Shiva. He himself is this entire universe; there is nothing other than him.
Sloka 389
अन्तः स्वयं चापि बहिः स्वयं च स्वयं पुरस्तात्स्वयमेव पश्चात् । स्वयं ह्यावाच्यां स्वयमप्युदीच्यां तथोपरिष्टात्स्वयमप्यधस्तात् ॥ ३८९ ॥
Translation: The Self is both within and without, in front and behind, in the lower and upper directions, as well as in the north and south.
Sloka 390
तरङ्गफेनभ्रमबुद्बुदादि सर्वं स्वरूपेण जलं यथा तथा । चिदेव देहाद्यहमन्तमेतत् सर्वं चिदेवैकरसं विशुद्धम् ॥ ३९० ॥
Translation: Just as the waves, foam, mirage, bubbles, etc., are essentially water, similarly, everything from body and ego to the end is essentially pure and homogeneous consciousness.
Sloka 391
सदेवेदं सर्वं जगदवगतं वाङ्मनसयोः सतोऽन्यन्नास्त्येव प्रकृतिपरसीम्नि स्थितवतः । पृथक्किं मृत्स्नायाः कलशघटकुम्भाद्यवगतं वदत्येष भ्रान्तस्त्वमहमिति मायामदिरया ॥ ३९१ ॥
Translation: This entire world, known to speech and mind, is truly nothing but Existence; apart from Existence, there is nothing beyond the primal boundary. Just as there is no real difference in pot and clay, this deluded one speaks of "I" and "you," intoxicated by māyā (illusion).
Sloka 392
क्रियासमभिहारेण यत्र नान्यदिति श्रुतिः । ब्रवीति द्वैतराहित्यं मिथ्याध्यासनिवृत्तये ॥ ३९२ ॥
Translation: The scripture declares non-duality to eradicate false superimpositions through coordinated actions.
Sloka 393
आकाशवन्निर्मलनिर्विकल्पं निःसीमनिःस्पन्दननिर्विकारम् । अन्तर्बहिःशून्यमनन्यमद्वयं स्वयं परं ब्रह्म किमस्ति बोध्यम् ॥ ३९३ ॥
Translation: What else is there to know when one's own Self is the supreme, pure, non-conceptual, limitless, motionless, changeless, internal, external, solitary, non-dual Brahman?
Sloka 394
वक्तव्यं किमु विद्यतेऽत्र बहुधा ब्रह्मैव जीवः स्वयं ब्रह्मैतज्जगदाततं नु सकलं ब्रह्माद्वितीयं श्रुतिः । ब्रह्मैवाहमिति प्रबुद्धमतयः संत्यक्तबाह्याः स्फुटं ब्रह्मीभूय वसन्ति सन्ततचिदानन्दात्मनैतद्ध्रुवम् ॥ ३९४ ॥
Translation: What need is there to speak of it? The jīva is many times revealed as Brahman itself. This entire world is pervaded by Brahman, which is non-dual, according to the scriptures. The enlightened minds, having renounced the external, clearly live as Brahman with the eternal nature of consciousness and bliss. This is certain.