Sbg4.33
Sloka 4.33
The provided sloka along with its extensive commentaries offers a rich source for semantic and philosophical analysis. Let's work through the tasks sequentially.
Sloka (श्लोक)
श्रेयान्द्रव्यमयाद्यज्ञाज्ज्ञानयज्ञः परन्तप। सर्वं कर्माखिलं पार्थ ज्ञाने परिसमाप्यते।।4.33।।
पदच्छेद / Padaccheda
श्रेयान्\ द्रव्यमयात्\ यज्ञात्\ ज्ञानयज्ञः\ परन्तप\ सर्वम्\ कर्म\ अखिलम्\ पार्थ\ ज्ञाने\ परिसमाप्यते
Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)
śreyān dravyamayād yajñāj jñānayajñaḥ parantapa\ sarvaṁ karmākhilaṁ pārtha jñāne parisamāpyate
Translation (अनुवाद)
O Parantapa (Arjuna), a sacrifice of knowledge is superior to material sacrifices. All actions (karma) culminate in knowledge, O Partha!
ज्ञानयज्ञ (knowledge-sacrifice) is superior to sacrifices involving material objects. Ultimately, all karmas (actions) culminate in jñāna (knowledge).
Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)
| Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Meaning (अर्थ) | Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ) |
|---|---|---|
| श्रेयान् (śreyān) | superior | श्रेष्ठ |
| द्रव्यमयात् (dravyamayāt) | than material sacrifices | द्रव्यमय यज्ञ से |
| यज्ञात् (yajñāt) | than sacrifice | यज्ञ से |
| ज्ञानयज्ञः (jñānayajñaḥ) | knowledge-sacrifice | ज्ञानयज्ञ |
| परन्तप (parantapa) | O Arjuna | हे परंतप (अर्जुन) |
| सर्वम् (sarvam) | all | सब |
| कर्म (karma) | action/s | कर्म |
| अखिलम् (akhilam) | entire/whole | सम्पूर्ण |
| पार्थ (pārtha) | O son of Pritha (Arjuna) | हे पार्थ (अर्जुन) |
| ज्ञाने (jñāne) | in knowledge | ज्ञान में |
| परिसमाप्यते (parisamāpyate) | culminate/ends | समाप्त होता है |
कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples
| कर्ता (Subject) | क्रिया (Verb) | विधान (Object) | अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation | हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ज्ञानयज्ञः (knowledge-sacrifice) | श्रेयान् अस्ति (is superior) | द्रव्यमयात् यज्ञात् (to material sacrifices) | Knowledge-sacrifice is superior to material sacrifices | ज्ञानयज्ञ द्रव्यमय यज्ञ से श्रेष्ठ है |
| सर्वं कर्म (all actions) | परिसमाप्यते (culminate) | ज्ञाने (in knowledge) | All actions culminate in knowledge | सब कर्म ज्ञान में समाप्त होते हैं |
Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)
- śreyān (श्रेष्ठ)
- dravyamaya-yajña (द्रव्यमय यज्ञ)
- jñāna-yajña (ज्ञानयज्ञ)
- karma (कर्म)
- parisamāpyate (परिसमाप्त होते हैं)
Categories (वर्गीकरण)
- Superior types of sacrifices
- Culmination of actions in knowledge
- Comparison of material and spiritual pursuits
- Spiritual teachings on yajña (sacrifice)
Commentary (टीका)
This sloka emphasizes the primacy of **jñāna-yajña** (knowledge-sacrifice) over sacrifices that are rich in material object offerings, termed **dravyamaya-yajña**. **Jñāna-yajña** leads to **mokṣa** (liberation) as it transcends the bodily and worldly limitations enforced by material sacrifices. According to Lord Krishna, all actions culminate in knowledge, representing the ultimate purpose and fulfillment of **karma**.
- Karmic duties** when performed with a realization of the **Brahman** (the ultimate reality), contribute to the purification of the heart, bringing about an inner awakening or knowledge of the Self. This profound insight helps one move beyond the limits of regular **sacraments** into the realm of self-realization. As Swami Sivananda expounds, while sacrifices with objects yield material results, **jñāna** leads to a higher spiritual plane.
In essence, the passage calls upon spiritual seekers to see beyond the act of sacrifice and recognize the inherent value in acquiring spiritual wisdom that unifies all actions and purposes.