Sbg4.3
Sloka 4.3
Sloka (श्लोक)
स एवायं मया तेऽद्य योगः प्रोक्तः पुरातनः। भक्तोऽसि मे सखा चेति रहस्यं ह्येतदुत्तमम्।।4.3।।
पदच्छेद / Padaccheda
सः एव अयम् मया ते अद्य योगः प्रोक्तः पुरातनः। भक्तः असि मे सखा च इति रहस्यम् हि एतत् उत्तमम्।
Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)
sa eva ayaṁ mayā te'dya yogaḥ proktaḥ purātanaḥ। bhakto'si me sakhā ceti rahasyaṁ hyetaduttamam।।
Translation (अनुवाद)
Today, I have taught you this ancient Yoga because you are both my devotee and friend. This is the highest secret.
Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)
| Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Meaning (अर्थ) | Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ) |
|---|---|---|
| सः (saḥ) | that | वह |
| एव (eva) | indeed | वास्तव में |
| अयम् (ayam) | this | यह |
| मया (mayā) | by me | मेरे द्वारा |
| ते (te) | to you | तुमसे |
| अद्य (adya) | today | आज |
| योगः (yogaḥ) | Yoga | योग |
| प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) | has been taught | कहा गया है |
| पुरातनः (purātanaḥ) | ancient | प्राचीन |
| भक्तः (bhaktaḥ) | devotee | भक्त |
| असि (asi) | you are | तुम हो |
| मे (me) | my | मेरे |
| सखा (sakhā) | friend | मित्र |
| च (ca) | and | और |
| इति (iti) | thus | इस प्रकार |
| रहस्यम् (rahasyam) | secret | रहस्य |
| हि (hi) | indeed | वास्तव में |
| एतत् (etat) | this | यह |
| उत्तमम् (uttamam) | the best | श्रेष्ठ |
कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples
| कर्ता (Subject) | क्रिया (Verb) | विधान (Object) | अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation | हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| मैं (I) | कहता हूँ (tell) | योग (Yoga) | I tell Yoga | मैं योग कहता हूँ |
| योग (Yoga) | है (is) | पुरातन (ancient) | Yoga is ancient | योग प्राचीन है |
| यह (This) | है (is) | रहस्य (secret) | This is a secret | यह रहस्य है |
| तुम (You) | हो (are) | भक्त (devotee) | You are a devotee | तुम भक्त हो |
| तुम (You) | हो (are) | मित्र (friend) | You are a friend | तुम मित्र हो |
Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)
Categories (वर्गीकरण)
- Revealing a secret
- Importance of friendship in spirituality
- Teacher-student relationship
Commentary (टीका)
This verse indicates the deep bond between Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna. Kṛṣṇa is revealing an ancient form of Yoga to Arjuna, which is considered *uttama rahasya* (the highest secret). The significance here is that such profound knowledge is given only to someone trusted, like a *bhakta* (devotee) and a *sakhā* (friend).
In Swami Sivananda's interpretation, the emphasis is on the divinity of the Yoga being taught and its subtleties. It underscores why Kṛṣṇa chooses to reveal such secrets exclusively to Arjuna - because of his dual role as a devoted disciple and a cherished companion. Swami Ramsukhdas complements it in Hindi by explaining how Arjuna fittingly receives these teachings as he has transitioned from a *sakhā* to a disciple, indicating a deeper acceptance of divine guidance.
The explanation illuminates that sometimes even those who possess vast imperial resources may not earn special divine guidance, whereas true devotion coupled with friendship can. It draws attention to the correct perspective towards worldly possessions versus divine companionship, highlighting that true seekers pursue God over material wealth.