Sbg4.28
Sloka 4.28
Sloka (श्लोक)
द्रव्ययज्ञास्तपोयज्ञा योगयज्ञास्तथापरे। स्वाध्यायज्ञानयज्ञाश्च यतयः संशितव्रताः।।4.28।।
पदच्छेद / Padaccheda
द्रव्ययज्ञाः तपोयज्ञाः योगयज्ञाः तथा अपरे स्वाध्यायज्ञानयज्ञाः च यतयः संशितव्रताः
Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)
dravyayajñāḥ tapoyajñā yogayajñāḥ tathā apare svādhyāyajñānayajñāśca yatayaḥ saṃśitavratāḥ
Translation (अनुवाद)
Some offer their wealth (as sacrifice), some their austerity, others engage in Yoga, while yet others pursue study and knowledge (for self-purification). Ascetics with rigid vows perform these sacrifices.
Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)
| Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Meaning (अर्थ) | Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ) |
|---|---|---|
| द्रव्ययज्ञाः | offerings of wealth | धन के अर्पण से यज्ञ करने वाले |
| तपोयज्ञाः | offer austerity | तपस्या को अर्पण करने वाले |
| योगयज्ञाः | engage in Yoga | योग करने वाले |
| तथा | thus | तथा |
| अपरे | others | अन्य |
| स्वाध्यायज्ञानयज्ञाः | study and knowledge as sacrifice | स्वाध्याय और ज्ञान को अर्पण करने वाले |
| च | and | और |
| यतयः | ascetics | संन्यासी |
| संशितव्रताः | of rigid vows | अटल व्रत वाले |
कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples
| कर्ता (Subject) | क्रिया (Verb) | विधान (Object) | अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation | हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| द्रव्ययज्ञाः | offer | wealth | Those who offer wealth sacrifice | जो लोग धन को यज्ञ में अर्पित करते हैं |
| तपोयज्ञाः | offer | austerities | Those who offer austerities | जो लोग तपस्या अर्पित करते हैं |
| योगयज्ञाः | practice | Yoga | Those who practice Yoga as sacrifice | जो लोग योग अर्पण करते हैं |
| स्वाध्यायज्ञानयज्ञाः | offer | study and knowledge | Those who offer study and knowledge as sacrifice | जो लोग स्वाध्याय और ज्ञान अर्पित करते हैं |
Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)
- द्रव्ययज्ञ (dāna)
- तपोयज्ञ (tapas)
- योगयज्ञ (yoga)
- स्वाध्यायज्ञानयज्ञ (jñāna)
- संशितव्रत (saṃśitavrata)
Categories (वर्गीकरण)
- Teaching different methods of sacrifice
- Exploring paths to self-purification
- Focusing on ascetic and disciplined life
Commentary (टीका)
In this sloka, Lord Krishna enumerates the various forms of yajñas (sacrifices) where one dedicates different aspects of life towards spiritual growth and self-purification.
- Dravyayajña (offering of wealth) involves offering one's wealth for the benefit of others, such as building public utilities and donating food and clothes to the needy. It's a form of charity emphasizing selfless action.
- Tapoyajña involves the practice of austerities and accepting hardships while fulfilling one's duties, aiding in developing inner strength and discipline.
- Yogayajña refers to the practice of the eight limbs of yoga, maintaining equanimity amidst life's dualities such as success and failure, and practicing meditation for self-realization.
- Svādhyāyajñānayajña involves self-study and acquisition of knowledge through the scriptures for one's own upliftment and sharing that wisdom with others.
These sacrifices are performed by ascetics (yatayaḥ) with saṃśitavrata (rigid vows), indicating their dedication and unwavering determination in their spiritual practices. Such practices help in transcending the ego and guiding one towards liberation.