Sbg4.18
Sloka 4.18
Below is the detailed analysis and representation of the given sloka in the Mediawiki format:
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Sloka (श्लोक)
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कर्मण्यकर्म यः पश्येदकर्मणि च कर्म यः। स बुद्धिमान् मनुष्येषु स युक्तः कृत्स्नकर्मकृत्।।4.18।।
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पदच्छेद / Padaccheda
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कर्मणि | अकर्म | यः | पश्येत् | अकर्मणि | च | कर्म | यः | सः | बुद्धिमान् | मनुष्येषु | सः | युक्तः | कृत्स्नकर्मकृत्
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Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)
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karmaṇyakarma yaḥ paśyedakarmaṇi ca karma yaḥ। sa buddhimān manuṣyeṣu sa yuktaḥ kṛtsnakarmakṛt।।4.18।।
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Translation (अनुवाद)
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One who can see inaction in action and action in inaction is wise among men and is truly engaged in yoga, as he performs all actions perfectly.
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Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)
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| Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Meaning (अर्थ) | Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ) |
|---|---|---|
| कर्मणि | in action | कर्म में |
| अकर्म | inaction | अकर्म |
| यः | who | जो |
| पश्येत् | would see | देख सके |
| अकर्मणि | in inaction | निष्क्रियता में |
| च | and | और |
| कर्म | action | क्रिया |
| सः | he | वह |
| बुद्धिमान् | wise | बुद्धिमान् |
| मनुष्येषु | among men | मनुष्यों में |
| सः | he | वह |
| युक्तः | yogi (engaged in yoga) | योग में स्थित |
| कृत्स्नकर्मकृत् | performer of all actions | समस्त कर्मों को करने वाला |
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कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples
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| कर्ता (Subject) | क्रिया (Verb) | विधान (Object) | अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation | हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| यः (who) | पश्येत् (sees) | कर्मणि अकर्म (inaction in action) | "He who sees inaction in action" | "जो कर्म में अकर्म देखता है" |
| यः (who) | पश्येद् (sees) | अकर्मणि कर्म (action in inaction) | "He who sees action in inaction" | "जो अकर्म में कर्म देखता है" |
| सः (he) | बुद्धिमान् अस्ति (is wise) | मनुष्येषु (among men) | "He is wise among men" | "वह मनुष्यों में बुद्धिमान् है" |
| सः (he) | युक्तः अस्ति (is engaged) | कृत्स्नकर्मकृत् (performer of all actions) | "He is engaged as performer of all actions" | "वह समस्त कर्मों को करने वाला है" |
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Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)
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Categories (वर्गीकरण)
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- Teaching a method of discernment
- Understanding action and inaction
- Vedantic philosophy on karma
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Commentary (टीका)
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In this sloka, Lord Krishna describes the wisdom of perceiving action in inaction and inaction in action, a subtle accomplishment achieved by the wise. Swami Sivananda explains this as the attainment of non-attachment by identifying oneself with the actionless Self. It implies the absence of the egoistic notion of being the doer (kartṛtva bhāva), which usually binds individuals to saṁsāra (worldly existence). Instead, one should witness nature's play, attributing true action to prakṛti (nature) and remaining ever unattached or akartuḥ (non-doer).
Swami Ramsukhdas adds that maintaining desirelessness for fruits (phalaspṛhā) ensures that one's engagements do not contribute to the cycle of birth and death. Even sitting idle with a mind full of desires is still considered karmically binding. Hence, a perfected state of detachment allows the person to be in full action yet free from its bondage. The true scholar or saṁnyāsī is not one who refrains from action but one who harmonizes with life's duties without personal motivation, seeing the self as distinct from temporal actions and dues, much like a merchant completing his trade with neither gain nor loss apprehension.