Sbg4.17
Sloka 4.17
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Sloka (श्लोक)
कर्मणो ह्यपि बोद्धव्यं बोद्धव्यं च विकर्मणः। अकर्मणश्च बोद्धव्यं गहना कर्मणो गतिः।।4.17।।
पदच्छेद / Padaccheda
कर्मणः हि अपि बोद्धव्यम् बोद्धव्यम् च विकर्मणः अकर्मणः च बोद्धव्यम् गहना कर्मणः गतिः
Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)
karmaṇo hy api boddhavyaṁ boddhavyaṁ ca vikarmaṇaḥ | akarmaṇaś ca boddhavyaṁ gahanā karmaṇo gatiḥ || 4.17 ||
Translation (अनुवाद)
The nature of action (karma) should indeed be understood, as should the nature of forbidden action (vikarma) and inaction (akarma). The path of action is profound and perplexing.
Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)
| Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Meaning (अर्थ) | Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ) |
|---|---|---|
| कर्मणः | of action | कर्म का |
| हि | indeed | वास्तव में |
| अपि | also | भी |
| बोद्धव्यम् | should be known | जानना चाहिए |
| च | and | तथा |
| विकर्मणः | of forbidden action | निषिद्ध कर्म का |
| अकर्मणः | of inaction | निष्क्रियता का |
| गहना | deep, profound | गहन, जटिल |
| गतिः | path | मार्ग |
कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples
| कर्ता (Subject) | क्रिया (Verb) | विधान (Object) | अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation | हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| मनुष्य (Man) | जानना चाहिए (Should know) | कर्मणः (of action) | Man should know the nature of action | मनुष्य को कर्म का स्वरूप जानना चाहिए |
| मनुष्य (Man) | जानना चाहिए (Should know) | विकर्मणः (of forbidden action) | Man should know the nature of forbidden action | मनुष्य को निषिद्ध कर्म का स्वरूप जानना चाहिए |
| मनुष्य (Man) | जानना चाहिए (Should know) | अकर्मणः (of inaction) | Man should know the nature of inaction | मनुष्य को निष्क्रियता का स्वरूप जानना चाहिए |
Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)
Categories (वर्गीकरण)
- Understanding the nature of actions
- Distinction among action, forbidden action, and inaction
- Complexity of actions and their consequences
Commentary (टीका)
The sloka discusses the complexity and necessity of understanding different forms of actions — *karma* (action), *vikarma* (forbidden action), and *akarma* (inaction). The paths of these actions are profound and perplexing, as indicated by the term *gahanā* (deep). Swami Ramsukhdas comments on the inner detachment while performing actions. The true knowledge of actions involves detachment from desires and understanding that actions, despite appearing as one, can have multiple dimensions depending on the intentions and mentality behind them. *Vikarma* originates from intense desires and manifests as propensities that bring negative consequences. The commentary emphasizes the inability of even learned individuals to fully comprehend the ramifications of actions, highlighting the importance of distinguishing between actions that bind and those that liberate. Swami Sivananda's commentary does not add further to this explanation, perhaps indicating that the quoted text offers substantial insights on its own. ```