Sbg4.13
Sloka 4.13
Sloka (श्लोक)
चातुर्वर्ण्यं मया सृष्टं गुणकर्मविभागशः। तस्य कर्तारमपि मां विद्ध्यकर्तारमव्ययम्।।4.13।।
पदच्छेद / Padaccheda
चातु: वर्ण्यम् मया सृष्टम् गुण-कर्म-विभागशः तस्य कर्तारम् अपि माम् विद्धि अकर्तारम् अव्ययम्
Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)
cāturvarṇyaṃ mayā sṛṣṭaṃ guṇa-karma-vibhāgaśaḥ | tasya kartāram api māṃ viddhy akartāram avyayam ||4.13||
Translation (अनुवाद)
The fourfold division of humanity (Brahmana, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra) is created by Me according to attributes (guṇas) and actions (karma). Though I am the creator of this system, understand Me to be the non-doer and eternal.
Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)
| Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Meaning (अर्थ) | Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ) |
|---|---|---|
| चातुर्वर्ण्यम् | the fourfold caste | चार वर्ण |
| मया | by Me | मेरे द्वारा |
| सृष्टम् | created | रचा गया |
| गुण-कर्म-विभागशः | according to the division of qualities and actions | गुण और कर्म के विभाजन के अनुसार |
| तस्य | of that | उसका |
| कर्तारम् | creator | कर्ता |
| अपि | also | भी |
| माम् | Me | मुझे |
| विद्धि | know | जानो |
| अकर्तारम् | non-doer | अकर्ता |
| अव्ययम् | immutable/eternal | अचल/अविनाशी |
कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples
| कर्ता (Subject) | क्रिया (Verb) | विधान (Object) | अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation | हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| मया | सृष्टम् | चातुर्वर्ण्यम् | The fourfold caste (system) has been created by me | चार वर्ण मेरे द्वारा रचे गए हैं |
| मां | विद्धि | अकर्तारम्, अव्ययम् | Know me as the non-doer, eternal | मुझे अकर्ता, अविनाशी जानो |
Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)
- चातुर्वर्ण्य (चार वर्ण व्यवस्था)
- गुण (गुण)
- कर्म (कर्म)
- कर्तारम् (कर्ता)
- अकर्तारम् (अकर्ता)
- अव्ययम् (अविनाशी)
Categories (वर्गीकरण)
- The division of society
- Understanding of divine roles
- Spores of non-attachment
- Differentiation of qualities and actions
Commentary (टीका)
According to both commentaries, the divisions in society as illustrated by the four varṇas (Brahmana, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra) are created by the divine being, based on individual qualities (*guṇas*) and actions (*karma*). The text clarifies that while the Supreme Lord creates these societal divisions, he remains a non-doer (*akarta*) and immutable (*avyaya*).
The English commentary emphasizes understanding of this arrangement: Sattva dominates in Brahmanas, Rajas in Kshatriyas, Rajas with Tamas in Vaishyas, and Tamas in Shudras. Yet, the supreme being remains detached from worldly actions. The division is meant to maintain order and functioning within society.
In the Hindi commentary, further explanation is extended to other beings as well, implying that non-human entities also follow this division, but the phrase itself is mainly concerning human society. It is pointed out that the Lord creates the universe without attachment or bias, and the awareness of his non-doer status is crucial to freeing oneself from the bounds of karma and finding liberation.
The commentaries underscore the importance of understanding divine functions and human roles from a standpoint free of individual ego and emphasize surrender to divine order for harmony and liberation.