Sbg3.42
Sloka 3.42
Below is the analysis and structured representation of the given sloka and its commentaries in Mediawiki format:
Sloka (श्लोक)
इन्द्रियाणि पराण्याहुरिन्द्रियेभ्यः परं मनः। मनसस्तु परा बुद्धिर्यो बुद्धेः परतस्तु सः।।3.42।।
पदच्छेद / Padaccheda
इन्द्रियाणि पराणि आहुः इन्द्रियेभ्यः परं मनः मनसः तु परा बुद्धिः यः बुद्धेः परतः तु सः
Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)
indriyāṇi parāṇyāhur indriyebhyaḥ paraṁ manaḥ। manasas tu parā buddhir yo buddheḥ paratas tu saḥ।।3.42।।
Translation (अनुवाद)
The senses are superior to the body, the mind is superior to the senses, the intellect is superior to the mind, but he (the Self/ātman) is superior to the intellect.
Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)
| Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Meaning (अर्थ) | Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ) |
|---|---|---|
| इन्द्रियाणि | the senses | इन्द्रियाँ |
| पराणि | superior | श्रेष्ठ |
| आहुः | they say | कहते हैं |
| इन्द्रियेभ्यः | than the senses | इन्द्रियों से |
| परं | superior | श्रेष्ठ |
| मनः | the mind | मन |
| मनसः | than the mind | मन से |
| तु | but | पर |
| परा | superior | श्रेष्ठ |
| बुद्धिः | intellect | बुद्धि |
| यः | who | जो |
| बुद्धेः | than the intellect | बुद्धि से |
| परतः | greater | श्रेष्ठ |
| तु | but | पर |
| सः | He (the Self) | वह (आत्मा) |
कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples
| कर्ता (Subject) | क्रिया (Verb) | विधान (Object) | अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation | हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ज्ञानीजन (wise persons) | कहते हैं (say) | इन्द्रियाँ शरीर से श्रेष्ठ हैं (senses are superior to the body) | Wise persons say the senses are superior to the body. | ज्ञानीजन कहते हैं कि इन्द्रियाँ शरीर से श्रेष्ठ हैं। |
| मनः (mind) | है (is) | इन्द्रियों से श्रेष्ठ (superior to the senses) | The mind is superior to the senses. | मन इन्द्रियों से श्रेष्ठ है। |
| बुद्धिः (intellect) | है (is) | मन से श्रेष्ठ (superior to the mind) | The intellect is superior to the mind. | बुद्धि मन से श्रेष्ठ है। |
| आत्मा (Self) | है (is) | बुद्धि से श्रेष्ठ (superior to the intellect) | The Self is superior to the intellect. | आत्मा बुद्धि से श्रेष्ठ है। |
Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)
Categories (वर्गीकरण)
- Hierarchical structure of entities
- Comparative superiority in philosophical aspects
- Self-realization in Vedantic philosophy
- Teaching the hierarchy of perception and cognition
Commentary (टीका)
The sloka provides a hierarchy of superiority among elements that make up the human experience and perception. It expresses the subtle nature of intellect over mind, mind over the senses, and finally, the Self over intellect. According to Swami Sivananda's English commentary, the intellect (buddhi) is endowed with discrimination, thus superior to the mind (manas), which works through the senses. Swami Ramsukhdas, in his Hindi commentary, expands on this point, elucidating that the senses, while providing knowledge of external objects, are not aware of the mind; they function with its help. The discussed hierarchy ultimately leads to the Self orātman, which is the supreme illuminator even of the intellect. This realization directs one towards spiritual freedom, highlighting that understanding the Self's supremacy helps in overcoming desires or kāma, aligning with one's true nature and seeking liberation from worldly attachments.