Sbg3.39
Sloka 3.39
Sloka (श्लोक)
आवृतं ज्ञानमेतेन ज्ञानिनो नित्यवैरिणा। कामरूपेण कौन्तेय दुष्पूरेणानलेन च।।3.39।।
पदच्छेद / Padaccheda
आवृतं ज्ञानम् एतेन ज्ञानिनः नित्यवैरिणा कामरूपेण कौन्तेय दुष्पूरेण अनलेन च
Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)
āvṛtaṁ jñānam etena jñānino nityavairiṇā। kāmarūpeṇa kaunteya duṣpūreṇānalena ca।।3.39।।
Translation (अनुवाद)
Wisdom is enveloped by this eternal enemy, O son of Kunti, in the form of desire, which is like an unappeasable fire.
Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)
| Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Meaning (अर्थ) | Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ) |
|---|---|---|
| आवृतं | enveloped | ढका हुआ |
| ज्ञानम् | wisdom | ज्ञान |
| एतेन | by this | इस द्वारा |
| ज्ञानिनः | of the wise | ज्ञानी के |
| नित्यवैरिणा | eternal enemy | सदा के शत्रु |
| कामरूपेण | in the form of desire | कामना के रूप में |
| कौन्तेय | O son of Kunti | कौन्तेय (कुन्ती का पुत्र) |
| दुष्पूरेण | unappeasable | तृप्त न होने वाला |
| अनलेन | by fire | अग्नि के द्वारा |
| च | and | और |
कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples
| कर्ता (Subject) | क्रिया (Verb) | विधान (Object) | अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation | हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ज्ञानम् (wisdom) | आवृतं (is enveloped) | एतेन (by this) | Wisdom is enveloped by this | ज्ञान इस द्वारा आच्छादित है |
| कामरूपः (desire) | नित्यवैरिणा (as the eternal enemy) | ज्ञानिनः (of the wise) | Desire is the eternal enemy of the wise | काम ज्ञानी का नित्य शत्रु है |
Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)
Categories (वर्गीकरण)
- Nature of desires
- Obstacles for wisdom
- Dynamics of mind and wisdom
Commentary (टीका)
In the provided sloka, desire is identified as a perpetual adversary to wisdom, akin to an insatiable fire. This allegory of fire articulates a profound truth: just as fire engulfs everything offered to it without satisfaction, so too do desires continually expand when fueled by indulgence. The commentary highlights how sages like Manu have illustrated that enjoyment of desires only feeds more desire, never satisfying them. This perspective underscores the relentless nature of desires, which captivate individuals, making them perceive such desires as allies. Outwardly appealing, desires mislead individuals regarding true contentment. Sages maintain awareness of this truth, understanding that unchecked desires are indeed tormentors, regardless of how they might seem appealing to the uninformed. This relentless enemy cloaks the wisdom intrinsic to all—hindering the discernment necessary for spiritual upliftment.
The Hindi commentary adds depth by exploring the unending cycle of craving and dissatisfaction. Desires, by their nature, cultivate continual longing despite temporal fulfillments. Whether wealth, status, or sensory pleasures are acquired, they often lead to increased expectation and deprivation. Liberation from this cycle requires transcending desires, an endeavor facilitated by wisdom (jñāna), which remains dormant when overshadowed by unchecked cravings. Thus, the sloka acts as a caution to aspirants on the path of self-realization, emphasizing the importance of discerning the true nature of desires—that they are not satiated through gratification, but through transcendence. This understanding is central to achieving ultimate peace and liberation.