Sbg3.37
Sloka 3.37
Sloka (श्लोक)
श्री भगवानुवाच काम एष क्रोध एष रजोगुणसमुद्भवः। महाशनो महापाप्मा विद्ध्येनमिह वैरिणम्।।3.37।।
पदच्छेद / Padaccheda
श्री भगवान् उवाच कामः एषः क्रोधः एषः रजोगुण-समुद्भवः महाशनः महापाप्मा विद्धि एनम् इह वैरिणम्
Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)
śrī bhagavān uvāca kāmaḥ eṣaḥ krodhaḥ eṣaḥ rajoguṇa-samudbhavaḥ mahāśanaḥ mahāpāpmā viddhi enam iha vairiṇam
Translation (अनुवाद)
The Blessed Lord said: This desire and this anger, born of the mode of passion (rajas), are all-devouring and all-sinful. You should know them as the enemy in this world.
Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)
| Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Meaning (अर्थ) | Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ) |
|---|---|---|
| श्री भगवान् | The Blessed Lord | श्री भगवान् |
| उवाच | said | ने कहा |
| कामः | desire | काम |
| एषः | this | यह |
| क्रोधः | anger | क्रोध |
| रजोगुण-समुद्भवः | born of the quality of rajas | रजोगुण से उत्पन्न |
| महाशनः | all-devouring | संपूर्ण भक्षक |
| महापाप्मा | all-sinful | संपूर्ण पापमय |
| विद्धि | know | जानो |
| एनम् | this | इसे |
| इह | here (in this world) | यहाँ (इस संसार में) |
| वैरिणम् | as the enemy | वैरी के रूप में |
कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples
| कर्ता (Subject) | क्रिया (Verb) | विधान (Object) | अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation | हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| श्री भगवान् | उवाच | कामः एषः क्रोधः एषः | The Blessed Lord said: This is desire and this is anger | श्री भगवान् ने कहा: यह काम है और यह क्रोध है |
| कामः, क्रोधः | विद्धि | वैरिणम् | Know desire and anger as enemies | काम और क्रोध को वैरी के रूप में जानो |
| कामः, क्रोधः | समुद्भवः | रजोगुणसमुद्भवः | Desire and anger arise from rajas | काम और क्रोध रजोगुण से उत्पन्न होते हैं |
Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)
Categories (वर्गीकरण)
- Psychological attributes (मानसिक विशेषताएँ)
- Root of sin (पाप का मूल)
- Rajas as a quality (रजोगुण के रूप में)
Commentary (टीका)
The *Bhagavad Gita* in verse 3.37 provides essential insights into the nature of desire (*kāma*) and anger (*krodha*). Both are described as emerging from the *rajoguṇa* (mode of passion), characterized by activity and restlessness. These emotions are deemed all-devouring and all-sinful, highlighting their pervasive and destructive nature. As the commentary emphasizes, the unfulfilled desire can lead to anger, making them formidable adversaries on the path to self-realization. The verse suggests recognizing these tendencies as inner enemies that obscure wisdom and incite actions contrary to one's dharma.
The sloka underscores *kāma* and *krodha* as intricately linked; unfulfilled *kāma* leads to *krodha*. Furthermore, these tendencies arise from associating happiness with temporal, perishable objects, encouraging attachment and subsequently, greater desire. When indulgence continues, it exacerbates further desires, culminating in a relentless cycle, as Swami Ramsukhdas explains in the Hindi commentary. Real peace surfaces upon understanding desires as temporary and addressing service to others rather than self-indulgence.
Philosophically, this passage aligns with a broader Vedantic teaching: the renunciation of desires leads to freedom from bondage, allowing spiritual progress. By identifying desire and anger as manifestations from the mode of *rajas*, it encourages devotion to immutable spiritual truths, fostering an understanding and practice of self-control and contentment. This teaching supports the continuous strive for a sattvic (balanced) mind, steering away from the binding and tumultuous influence of *rajas*.