Sbg3.12
Sloka 3.12
Sloka (श्लोक)
इष्टान्भोगान्हि वो देवा दास्यन्ते यज्ञभाविताः। तैर्दत्तानप्रदायैभ्यो यो भुङ्क्ते स्तेन एव सः।।3.12।।
पदच्छेद / Padaccheda
इष्टान् भोगान् हि वः देवाः दास्यन्ते यज्ञभाविताः तैः दत्तान् अप्रदाय एभ्यः यः भुङ्क्ते स्तेनः एव सः
Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)
iṣṭān bhogān hi vo devāḥ dāsyante yajña-bhāvitāḥ। taiḥ dattān apradāyaibhyaḥ yo bhuṅkte stena eva saḥ।।
Translation (अनुवाद)
When the gods are pleased by your sacrifices, they will grant you desired enjoyables. One who consumes what is given by them without offering back, is indeed a thief.
Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)
| Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Meaning (अर्थ) | Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ) |
|---|---|---|
| इष्टान् | desired | इच्छित |
| भोगान् | enjoyables | भोग |
| हि | indeed | निश्चित रूप से |
| वः | to you | तुम्हें |
| देवाः | the gods | देवता |
| दास्यन्ते | will give | देंगे |
| यज्ञभाविताः | nourished by sacrifices | यज्ञ द्वारा पूजित |
| तैः | by them | उनके द्वारा |
| दत्तान् | given | दिए गए |
| अप्रदाय | not offering | न देकर |
| एभ्यः | to them | उन्हें |
| यः | who | जो |
| भुङ्क्ते | consumes | भोग करता है |
| स्तेनः | thief | चोर |
| एव | verily | वास्तव में |
| सः | he | वह |
कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples
| कर्ता (Subject) | क्रिया (Verb) | विधान (Object) | अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation | हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| देवाः | दास्यन्ते | इष्टान् भोगान् | The gods (will) give desired enjoyables | देवता इच्छित भोग देंगे |
| यः | भुङ्क्ते | तैः दत्तान् अप्रदाय एभ्यः | He (consumes) what is given without offering them | जो बिना कुछ दिए भोगता है |
| सः | स्तेनः | एव | He (is) indeed a thief | वह वास्तव में चोर है |
Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)
Categories (वर्गीकरण)
- Karma Yoga
- Duty and Obligation
- Sacrifice and Offering
Commentary (टीका)
In this verse from the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna elucidates the reciprocal relationship between humans and gods, emphasizing the principle of sacrifice (yajña). When humans perform sacrifices to please the gods, the gods nourish humanity by fulfilling their desires for various enjoyments. This symbiotic relationship underscores the Hindu world-view of interdependent existence where prosperity and fulfillment are contingent on maintaining balance and adhering to one's dharma (duty).
Moreover, the verse gives a moral warning. A person who enjoys the benefits granted by the gods but fails to offer back or fulfill their responsibilities remains indebted to them; such an individual is metaphorically referred to as a thief. The term “thief” here is used not in a legal sense but as a moral critique, accentuating the ethical deficit and social dishonor of consuming for self-benefit without a sense of gratitude or reciprocation.
The Hindi commentary explores this further by drawing on broader examples of living beings and the natural world, highlighting the receiver’s duty to the universe. The concept here revolves around sufficiency and contentment with what the universe provides, reaffirming that true contentment and liberation (mokṣa) cannot be achieved through material indulgence.
In essence, the verse teaches the importance of gratitude, duty, and the ethical utilization of resources bestowed by higher powers, aligning with the broader theme of Karma Yoga, where one’s actions are performed without attachment but with an awareness of duty to oneself and society at large.