Sbg2.30
Sloka 2.30
Sloka (श्लोक)
देही नित्यमवध्योऽयं देहे सर्वस्य भारत। तस्मात्सर्वाणि भूतानि न त्वं शोचितुमर्हसि।।2.30।।
पदच्छेद / Padaccheda
- देही - नित्यम - अवध्यः - अयम् - देहे - सर्वस्य - भारत - तस्मात् - सर्वाणि - भूतानि - न - त्वम् - शोचितुम् - अर्हसि
Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)
dehī nityam avadhyo'yam dehe sarvasya bhārata। tasmāt sarvāṇi bhūtāni na tvaṁ śocitum arhasi।।2.30।।
Translation (अनुवाद)
The indweller (dehī) within all bodies is always indestructible (nityam avadhyaḥ), O Bhārata (India). Therefore, you should not grieve (na śocituṁ arhasi) for any creature (sarvāṇi bhūtāni).
Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)
| Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Meaning (अर्थ) | Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ) |
|---|---|---|
| देही | indweller (self) | आत्मा |
| नित्यम् | always | सदा |
| अवध्यः | indestructible | अविनाशी |
| अयम् | this | यह |
| देहे | in the body | शरीर में |
| सर्वस्य | of all | सभी जीवों का |
| भारत | O Bhārata | हे भारत |
| तस्मात् | therefore | इसलिए |
| सर्वाणि | all | समस्त |
| भूतानि | creatures | प्राणी |
| न | not | नहीं |
| त्वम् | you | तुम |
| शोचितुम् | to grieve | शोक करना |
| अर्हसि | should | उचित है |
कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples
| कर्ता (Subject) | क्रिया (Verb) | विधान (Object) | अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation | हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| देही | is | indestructible | The self is indestructible | आत्मा अविनाशी है |
| त्वम् | should not grieve | for all creatures | You should not grieve for all creatures | तुम्हें सब प्राणियों के लिए शोक नहीं करना चाहिए |
Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)
Categories (वर्गीकरण)
- Indestructibility of the Self
- Non-attachment and Sorrow
Commentary (टीका)
The core message of this sloka revolves around the concept of the indestructible nature of the Self or *ātman*. Distinguishing the eternal *dehī* (self) residing in every body from the transient body *deha*, this verse asserts that the Self is immune to destruction. The instruction to Arjuna, symbolically representing all seekers of knowledge, is not to grieve over the temporary loss suffered due to physical death, thereby encouraging a sense of detachment.
The Hindi commentary expands on two interpretations of the term 'अवध्यः'. Firstly, it implies that one should not kill *dehī*, and secondly, that it cannot be destroyed at all, emphasizing its eternal, unchangeable nature. The distinction between the changing body and the unchanging self is vital for understanding the principle of *vairagya* (detachment) and realizing the essential teachings of *karma yoga* (the path of action), *jnana yoga* (the path of knowledge), and others.
The context provided within this verse forms part of a broader discussion from verses 2.11 to 2.30, which delineates the difference between the permanent and impermanent, urging against the sorrow and attachment that arise from ignorance of this difference. This knowledge is critical for all philosophical perspectives that accept the existence of a soul distinct from the body, necessary for attaining liberation or the higher spiritual realms.