Sbg2.18
Sloka 2.18
Certainly! Let's break down the analysis of the sloka 2.18 from the Bhagavad Gita with the accompanying commentaries.
- Sloka (श्लोक)
अन्तवन्त इमे देहा नित्यस्योक्ताः शरीरिणः। अनाशिनोऽप्रमेयस्य तस्माद्युध्यस्व भारत।।2.18।।
- पदच्छेद / Padaccheda
- अन्तवन्तः - इमे - देहाः - नित्यस्य - उक्ताः - शरीरिणः - अनाशिनः - अप्रमेयस्य - तस्मात् - युध्यस्व - भारत
- Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)
- Antavanta ime dehā nityasyoktāḥ śarīriṇaḥ, anāśino'prameyasya tasmād yudhyasva bhārata.*
- Translation (अनुवाद)
These bodies, O Bhārata, are finite, said to belong to the eternal, indestructible, and immeasurable soul; therefore, fight.
- Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)
| Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Meaning (अर्थ) | Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ) |
|---|---|---|
| अन्तवन्तः | finite | नाशवान् |
| इमे | these | ये |
| देहाः | bodies | शरीर |
| नित्यस्य | of the eternal | शाश्वत का |
| उक्ताः | said | कहा गया है |
| शरीरिणः | the embodied | आत्मा के लिए |
| अनाशिनः | indestructible | अविनाशी |
| अप्रमेयस्य | immeasurable | अप्रमेय |
| तस्मात् | therefore | अतः |
| युध्यस्व | fight | युद्ध करो |
| भारत | O Bhārata | हे भारत |
- कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples
| कर्ता (Subject) | क्रिया (Verb) | विधान (Object) | अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation | हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| देहाः (bodies) | अन्तवन्ताः (are finite) | न (not eternal) | These bodies are finite and not eternal. | ये शरीर नाशवान् और शाश्वत नहीं हैं। |
| शरीरिणः (embodied) | उक्ताः (are said) | नित्यस्य (of the eternal soul) | The embodied soul is said to be eternal. | आत्मा को शाश्वत कहा गया है। |
| आत्मा (soul) | अनाशिनः (is indestructible) | अप्रमेयः (immeasurable) | The soul is indestructible and immeasurable. | आत्मा अविनाशी और अप्रमेय है। |
| भारत (O Bhārata) | युध्यस्व (fight) | तस्मात् (therefore) | Therefore, O Bhārata, you should fight. | अतः हे भारत, तुम्हें युद्ध करना चाहिए। |
- Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)
- deha (देह) - śarīrin (शरीरी) - anitya (अन्-नित्य) - Atman (आत्मा) - karma-yoga (कर्मयोग)
- Categories (वर्गीकरण)
- Definition of concepts - Encouragement for duty - Distinction between body and soul - Impermanence of the physical form - Spiritual teachings in warfare context
- Commentary (टीका)
Lord Krishna reiterates the foundational Vedantic principle that the physical body is temporary (antavanta), while the *Ātman* (soul) is eternal (nitya), indestructible (*anāśin*), and beyond measure (*aprameya*). Thus, one should not grieve for the body. Here, Krishna emphasizes that since the body is finite and the soul cannot be harmed, Arjuna should fulfill his duty of fighting in the war. This teaching addresses Arjuna's reluctance rooted in attachment and ignorance about the temporary nature of the body.
This sloka aims to lift Arjuna from bodily identification to an understanding of the true self. The call to action ("yudhyasva") is also a call to rise above confusion with clarity of purpose—the pursuit of *karma-yoga*—by grasping the impermanence of material existence and aligning with one's Dharma.
In conclusion, the commentary highlights the importance of distinguishing between the transient body and the eternal soul to alleviate grief and confusion, underscoring the Gita's broader narrative of self-realization through *karma-yoga*.