Sbg2.16
Sloka 2.16
- Analysis of Sloka 2.16 from the Srimad Bhagavad Gita
- Sloka (श्लोक)
``` नासतो विद्यते भावो नाभावो विद्यते सतः। उभयोरपि दृष्टोऽन्तस्त्वनयोस्तत्त्वदर्शिभिः।।2.16।। ```
- पदच्छेद / Padaccheda
- न - असतः - विद्यते - भावः - न - अभावः - विद्यते - सतः - उभयोः - अपि - दृष्टः - अन्तः - तु - अनयोः - तत्त्वदर्शिभिः
- Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)
na asataḥ vidyate bhāvaḥ na abhāvaḥ vidyate sataḥ | ubhayorapi dṛṣṭo'ntastvanayostattvadarśibhiḥ || 2.16 ||
- Translation (अनुवाद)
There is no existence for the non-real (asat), and there is no nonexistence for the real (sat). The knowers of the truth (tattvadarshis) have concluded this understanding of both.
- Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)
| Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Meaning (अर्थ) | Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ) | |---|---|---| | न | not | नहीं | | असतः | of the unreal | असत् की | | विद्यते | exists | है | | भावः | existence | सत्ता | | न | not | नहीं | | अभावः | non-existence | अभाव | | विद्यते | exists | है | | सतः | of the real | सत् की | | उभयोः | of both | दोनों के | | अपि | also | भी | | दृष्टः | seen | देखा गया | | अन्तः | end, conclusion | अंत | | तु | indeed | वास्तव में | | अनयोः | of these | इनका | | तत्त्वदर्शिभिः | by the knowers of the truth | तत्त्वदर्शियों द्वारा |
- कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples
| कर्ता (Subject) | क्रिया (Verb) | विधान (Object) | अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation | हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation | |---|---|---|---|---| | असतः | विद्यते | भावः (न) | The unreal does not have existence. | असत् का कोई अस्तित्व नहीं होता। | | सतः | विद्यते | अभावः (न) | The real does not become nonexistent. | सत् का अभाव नहीं होता। | | तत्त्वदर्शिभिः | दृष्टः | अन्तः | Truth-knowers have seen the end of both. | तत्त्वदर्शियों ने दोनों का अंत देखा है। |
- Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)
- Categories (वर्गीकरण)
- Defining the nature of reality
- Discrimination between real and unreal
- Philosophical analysis of existence
- Commentary (टीका)
In this sloka, Bhagavan Krishna explains a fundamental truth distinguishing between what is real (sat) and unreal (asat). Reality is the unchanging and eternal truth, such as the Atman (Self), which always exists. The phenomenal world of appearances, which is transient and ever-changing, is termed unreal.
The realized ones, or tattvadarshis, perceive the ultimate reality, which does not fall into existence and nonexistence dichotomies. They see the underlying essence — the eternal, unmanifest truth amidst the transient appearances.
The commentary by Swami Sivananda emphasizes the eternality and permanence of the Self, likening worldly appearances to a mirage. It is only through spiritual insight or jnanachakshus, that one recognizes the ever-present Self beyond the ephemeral world. Swami Ramsukhdas further elucidates the concepts by illustrating with marbles from common experiences like drama seen on cinema screens, perceived as permanent but actually changing every moment.
In essence, the perceptible world lacks true existence, while the eternal truth, the Self, is beyond destruction. Understanding this gives rise to discernment free from sorrow. Thus, this sloka invites seekers to recognize the permanent amidst the impermanent and align with the unchanging truth beyond names and forms.