Sbg2.12
Sloka 2.12
Sloka (श्लोक)
न त्वेवाहं जातु नासं न त्वं नेमे जनाधिपाः। न चैव न भविष्यामः सर्वे वयमतः परम्।।2.12।।
पदच्छेद / Padaccheda
- न - तु - एव - अहं - जातु - न - आसम् - न - त्वम् - न - इमे - जन-आधिपाः - न - च - एव - न - भविष्यामः - सर्वे - वयम् - अतः - परम्
Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)
na tvevāhaṁ jātu nāsaṁ na tvaṁ neme janādhipāḥ, na caiva na bhaviṣyāmaḥ sarve vayamataḥ param.
Translation (अनुवाद)
At no time did I not exist, nor you, nor these rulers of men. Nor will we cease to be in the future. Our existence continues across past, present, and future.
Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)
| Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Meaning (अर्थ) | Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ) |
|---|---|---|
| न | not | नहीं |
| तु | indeed | वास्तव में |
| एव | also | भी |
| अहं | I | मैं |
| जातु | at any time | कभी भी |
| न | not | नहीं |
| आसम् | was | था |
| न | not | नहीं |
| त्वम् | thou | तुम |
| न | not | नहीं |
| इमे | these | ये |
| जनाधिपाः | rulers of men | राजाधिपति |
| न | not | नहीं |
| च | and | और |
| एव | also | भी |
| न | not | नहीं |
| भविष्यामः | shall be | होंगे |
| सर्वे | all | सभी |
| वयम् | we | हम |
| अतः | from this | इस समय से |
| परम् | beyond | परे |
कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples
| कर्ता (Subject) | क्रिया (Verb) | विधान (Object) | अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation | हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| अहं (I) | आसम् (did not exist) | जातु (at any time) | I did not cease to exist at any time | मैं कभी भी नहीं था ऐसा नहीं है |
| त्वम् (you) | नासम् (did not cease to exist) | जातु (at any time) | You did not cease to exist at any time | तुम कभी भी नहीं थे ऐसा नहीं है |
| इमे जनाधिपाः (these rulers) | नासम् (did not cease to exist) | जातु (at any time) | These rulers did not cease to exist at any time | ये राजाधिपति कभी भी नहीं थे ऐसा नहीं है |
| सर्वे वयम् (all of us) | भविष्यामः (will continue to exist) | परम् (in the future) | All of us will continue to exist in the future | हम सभी भविष्य में भी बने रहेंगे |
Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)
- ātmā (आत्मा)
- anāśvaratā (अनाश्वरता)
- kāla (काल)
- nitya-tattva (नित्य तत्व)
- sāttvika-bhāva (सात्त्विक भाव)
Categories (वर्गीकरण)
- "Immortality of the Soul"
- "Eternal Existence"
- "Philosophical Discussion on Atma"
- "Metaphysical Concepts in Gita"
Commentary (टीका)
Lord Krishna, in this verse, emphasizes the eternal nature of the *ātman* (soul) which is unaffected by temporal changes. He states that neither He (referring to Krishna), Arjuna, nor all those present (including rulers) ever ceased to exist, nor will they cease to exist in the future. The sloka speaks to the immortality of the self, which transcends time and the ephemeral nature of the physical body.
Swami Sivananda's English commentary underscores this by stating that the soul exists across past, present, and future, implying life beyond physical existence. Swami Ramsukhdas in his Hindi commentary elaborates on this by discussing two fundamental entities in the world — the eternal (sharīrī - the embodied) and the non-eternal (sharīra - the body), explaining that the soul's presence does not diminish or end, contrary to the body which perishes.
Both commentaries highlight the Vedantic principle of the self's eternal nature, contrasting it with the transience of physical forms, reinforcing the Gita's doctrine of the eternal soul (*ātman*).