Sbg2.1
Sloka 2.1
Sloka (श्लोक)
सञ्जय उवाच तं तथा कृपयाऽविष्टमश्रुपूर्णाकुलेक्षणम्। विषीदन्तमिदं वाक्यमुवाच मधुसूदनः।।2.1।।
पदच्छेद / Padaccheda
सञ्जयः उवाच तं तथा कृपया आविष्टम् अश्रु पूर्णअकुल-इक्षणम् विषीदन्तम् इदम् वाक्यम् उवाच मधुसूदनः
Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)
sañjayaḥ uvāca taṁ tathā kṛpayā'viṣṭam aśru-pūrṇākula-īkṣaṇam viṣīdantam idaṁ vākyam uvāca madhusūdanaḥ
Translation (अनुवाद)
Sanjaya said: "To him who was thus overwhelmed with compassion, whose eyes were filled with tears and agitated, Madhusudana (Krishna) spoke these words to the despondent Arjuna."
Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)
| Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Meaning (अर्थ) | Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ) |
|---|---|---|
| सञ्जयः | Sanjaya | सञ्जय |
| उवाच | said | ने कहा |
| तं | to him | उसे |
| तथा | thus | इस प्रकार |
| कृपया | with compassion | करुणा से |
| आविष्टम् | overwhelmed | ग्रस्त |
| अश्रु | tears | आँसू |
| पूर्ण | filled with | भरे हुए |
| अकुल | agitated | व्याकुल |
| इक्षणम् | eyes | आँखें |
| विषीदन्तम् | despondent | निराश |
| इदम् | these | यह |
| वाक्यम् | words | वचन |
| उवाच | spoke | कहा |
| मधुसूदनः | Madhusudana (Krishna) | मधुसूदन (कृष्ण) |
कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples
| कर्ता (Subject) | क्रिया (Verb) | विधान (Object) | अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation | हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| मधुसूदनः (Krishna) | उवाच (spoke) | वाक्यम् (words) | Krishna spoke words | कृष्ण ने वचन कहा |
| सञ्जयः (Sanjaya) | उवाच (said) | इदम् (this) | Sanjaya said this | सञ्जय ने कहा |
Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)
Categories (वर्गीकरण)
- Describing a Character's Emotion
- Introduction to a Dialogue
- Compassion as a Theme
Commentary (टीका)
In this sloka, Sanjaya describes Arjuna’s emotional state to Dhritarashtra. Arjuna is overwhelmed by *kṛpayā* (compassion); his heart is heavy, causing him to become *viṣīdantam* (despondent and sorrowful). His eyes are filled with tears (*aśru-pūrṇa*), indicating an internal turmoil precipitated by viewing his kinsmen in battle. This demonstrates the compassion a warrior like Arjuna holds even amid chaos, reflecting his doubt and inner conflict.
Krishna, known here as *madhusūdana* (the slayer of the demon Madhu), addresses Arjuna. This epithet underscores Krishna’s compassionate role as a guru to remove Arjuna’s internal demons of doubt and despair. Sanjaya’s narration transitions the focus from Arjuna’s emotional exterior to Krishna’s forthcoming guidance. This serves as a prelude to the discourse, setting the stage for Krishna’s teachings aimed at overcoming emotional turmoil and embracing one's duty or *dharma*.
The word choice in the sloka, especially *kṛpayā’viṣṭam* by Sanjaya, reveals Arjuna's human vulnerability, contrasting sharply with his earlier warrior spirit. Sanjaya notes the irony of Arjuna’s emotional collapse, which Krishna intends to address in his subsequent teachings.