Katha:1.3.5
Mantra 1.3.5
Original Text:
यस्त्वविज्ञानवान्भवत्ययुक्तेन मनसा सदा । तस्येन्द्रियाण्यवश्यानि दुष्टाश्वा इव सारथेः ॥ ५ ॥
yastvavijñānavānbhavatyayuktena manasā sadā | tasyendriyāṇyavaśyāni duṣṭāśvā iva sāratheḥ || 5 ||
| Sanskrit Term | Transliteration | Hindi Meaning | English Word or Meaning | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| यः | yaḥ | जो – कोई व्यक्ति (who) | who (the person who) | |
| तु | tu | परंतु – लेकिन (but) | but (however) | |
| अविज्ञानवान् | avijñānavān | विवेक-रहित – जिसमें विवेक या ज्ञान नहीं है | devoid of viveka (discrimination), lacking knowledge | |
| भवति | bhavati | होता है – अस्तित्व में आता है | becomes, is | |
| अयुक्तेन | ayuktena | असंयमित – जो संयमित नहीं है | uncontrolled, not restrained | |
| मनसा | manasā | मन से – मन के द्वारा | by the mind | |
| सदा | sadā | हमेशा – हर समय | always | |
| तस्य | tasya | उसके – उस व्यक्ति के | of him, his | |
| इन्द्रियाणि | indriyāṇi | इन्द्रियाँ – ज्ञानेंद्रियाँ | indriyas (senses) | |
| अवश्यानि | avaśyāni | वश में न रहने वाली – नियंत्रित न होने वाली | uncontrollable, not obedient | |
| दुष्टाश्वाः | duṣṭāśvāḥ | दुष्ट घोड़े – बिगड़े हुए घोड़े | vicious horses | |
| इव | iva | जैसे – की तरह | like, as | |
| सारथेः | sāratheḥ | सारथी के – रथ के चालक के | of the sārathi (charioteer) |
Translation/Explanation
Hindi: जिस व्यक्ति में विवेक (viveka) नहीं है और जिसका मन (manas) सदा असंयमित रहता है, उसकी इन्द्रियाँ (indriyas) वश में नहीं रहतीं, जैसे एक अयोग्य सारथी (sārathi) के दुष्ट घोड़े नियंत्रण में नहीं रहते। यहाँ बुद्धि (buddhi) को सारथी कहा गया है, और यदि उसमें विवेक नहीं है तथा मन पर उसका नियंत्रण नहीं है, तो इन्द्रियाँ भी अनियंत्रित हो जाती हैं।
English: For the one who is devoid of viveka (discrimination) and whose manas (mind) is always uncontrolled, the indriyas (senses) do not remain under control, just as the vicious horses of a sārathi (charioteer) who lacks skill are not controllable. Here, buddhi (intellect) is likened to the sārathi, and if it lacks viveka and does not restrain the manas, then the indriyas too become unruly.
Commentary
This being so, of that driver known as buddhi, who is not capable of discrimination as to what is to be done or omitted to be done, as the other driver in the guiding of his chariot has a manas like the reins of a chariot not well-grasped by the driver, i.e., uncontrolled by the buddhi; of that incompetent driver, i.e., buddhi, the indriyas which stand in the place of the horses become unruly and uncontrollable, as the vicious horses of the other driver.