Katha:1.2.3
Mantra 1.2.3
Original Text:
स त्वं प्रियान्प्रियरूपाँश्च कामानभिध्यायन्नचिकेतोऽत्यस्राक्शीः । नैताँ सृङ्कां वित्तमयीमवाप्तो यस्यां मज्जन्ति बहवो मनुष्याः ॥ ३ ॥
sa tvaṃ priyānpriyarūpām̐śca kāmānabhidhyāyannaciketo’tyasrākśīḥ । naitām̐ sṛṅkāṃ vittamayīmavāpto yasyāṃ majjanti bahavo manuṣyāḥ ॥ 3 ॥
| Sanskrit Term | Transliteration | Hindi Meaning | English Word or Meaning | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| स | sa | वह – संबोधित व्यक्ति | he (addressed person) | |
| त्वम् | tvam | तुम – प्रत्यक्ष संबोधन | you (direct address) | |
| प्रियान् | priyān | प्रिय वस्तुएँ – आकर्षक वस्तुएँ | desirable objects | |
| प्रिय-रूपान् | priya-rūpān | सुंदर रूप वाले – आकर्षक रूप वाले | objects of pleasing form | |
| च | ca | और – संयोजन | and (conjunction) | |
| कामान् | kāmān | इच्छाएँ – भोग्य वस्तुएँ | desires (objects of enjoyment) | |
| अभिध्यायन् | abhidhyāyan | विचार करते हुए – मनन करते हुए | reflecting upon (considering thoughtfully) | |
| नचिकेतः | naciketaḥ | नचिकेतस – पात्र का नाम | Naciketā (proper noun) | |
| अत्यस्राक्षीः | aty-asrākṣīḥ | त्याग कर दिए – पार कर गए | you have renounced (transcended) | |
| न | na | नहीं – निषेध | not (negation) | |
| एताम् | etām | इस – विशेष वस्तु को | this (referring to a specific thing) | |
| सृङ्काम् | sṛṅkām | माला – आकर्षक वस्तुओं की माला | garland (chain, metaphor for collection) | |
| वित्तमयीम् | vittamayīm | धन से बनी – संपत्ति से युक्त | made of wealth (wealth-based) | |
| अवाप्तः | avāptaḥ | स्वीकार किया – प्राप्त किया | you have accepted (obtained) | |
| यस्याम् | yasyām | जिसमें – संबंध सूचक | in which (locative) | |
| मज्जन्ति | majjanti | डूबते हैं – फँस जाते हैं | sink (become immersed) | |
| बहवः | bahavaḥ | बहुत से – अनेक व्यक्ति | many (numerous people) | |
| मनुष्याः | manuṣyāḥ | मनुष्य – मानव जाति के लोग | mortals (human beings) |
Translation/Explanation
Hindi: हे नचिकेतस! तुमने इच्छाओं और सुंदर रूप वाले प्रिय वस्तुओं का, उनके वास्तविक स्वरूप को समझकर, त्याग कर दिया है; तुमने इस धनमयी माला को स्वीकार नहीं किया, जिसमें बहुत से मनुष्य डूब जाते हैं।
English: O Naciketā, you have renounced kāma (desires) and priyān (desirable objects) of pleasing form, having reflected upon their true nature. You have not accepted this sṛṅkā (garland) made of vitta (wealth), in which many manuṣyāḥ (mortals) become immersed.
Commentary
You, though repeatedly tempted by me, have renounced objects of desires, such as sons, etc., and also objects of pleasing form, such as nymphs, judging well of them and ascertaining their faults, i.e., their ephemeral and sapless nature. O Naciketā, how intelligent you are! You have not taken up this contemptible path of wealth, trodden by the ignorant men, in which many fools come to grief.