Katha:1.2.19
Mantra 1.2.19
Original Text:
हन्ता चेन्मन्यते हन्तुँ हतश्चेन्मन्यते हतं । उभौ तौ न विजानीतो नायँ हन्ति न हन्यते ॥ १९ ॥
hantā cenmanyate hantum̐ hataścenmanyate hataṃ । ubhau tau na vijānīto nāyam̐ hanti na hanyate ॥ 19 ॥
| Sanskrit Term | Transliteration | Hindi Meaning | English Word or Meaning | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| हन्ता | hantā | मारनेवाला – जो मारने का कर्ता है | slayer – the one who acts as the killer | |
| चेद् | ced | यदि – अगर, यदि | if – conditional particle | |
| मन्यते | manyate | सोचता है – विचार करता है, मानता है | thinks – considers, believes | |
| हन्तुम् | hantum | मारना – मारने की क्रिया करना | to slay – to kill, to destroy | |
| हतः | hataḥ | मारा गया – जो नष्ट किया गया | slain – one who is killed | |
| चेद् | ced | यदि – अगर, यदि | if – conditional particle | |
| मन्यते | manyate | सोचता है – विचार करता है, मानता है | thinks – considers, believes | |
| हतम् | hatam | मारा गया – जिसे मारा गया है | slain – that which is killed | |
| उभौ | ubhau | दोनों – दो व्यक्ति | both – the two persons | |
| तौ | tau | वे दोनों – वे दोनों व्यक्ति | those two – both of them | |
| न | na | नहीं – नकार | not – negation | |
| विजानीतः | vijānītaḥ | जानते – समझते नहीं | know – understand, realize | |
| न | na | नहीं – नकार | not – negation | |
| अयम् | ayam | यह – यह आत्मा | this – refers to the ātman | |
| हन्ति | hanti | मारता – नष्ट करता | slays – kills | |
| न | na | नहीं – नकार | not – negation | |
| हन्यते | hanyate | मारा जाता – नष्ट किया जाता | is slain – is killed, is destroyed |
Translation/Explanation
Hindi: जो मारनेवाला यह सोचता है कि वह आत्मा को मारता है, और जो मारा गया यह सोचता है कि उसकी आत्मा मारी गई, वे दोनों ही आत्मा को नहीं जानते। आत्मा न मारता है, न मारा जाता है। यहाँ 'आत्मा' से तात्पर्य उस चैतन्य सत्ता से है, जो कभी नष्ट नहीं होती, न ही उसमें कोई परिवर्तन संभव है। इस प्रकार, मारने या मारे जाने की धारणा केवल शरीर तक सीमित है, आत्मा पर इनका कोई प्रभाव नहीं पड़ता।
English: The one who considers himself as the slayer of the ātman, and the one who thinks his own ātman is slain—both these do not truly know the ātman. The ātman neither slays nor is slain. Here, ātman refers to the conscious principle that is immutable and indestructible. The notions of killing or being killed pertain only to the body, not to the ātman, which remains unaffected by such actions.
Commentary
Even the ātman of such description, the slayer who sees the mere body as the ātman thinks of slaying and he who thinks that his ātman is slain, both these do not know their own ātman; for, he does not slay the ātman, being incapable of modification; nor is he slain being incapable of modification like the ākāśa. Therefore, all saṃsāra, the fruit of virtue and vice is only in the case of those who do not know the ātman, and not in the case of one who knows the Brahman; for in his case, virtue and vice are inappropriate both from the authority of the śrutis and from the cogency of reasoning.