Katha:1.3.7
Mantra 1.3.7
Original Text:
यस्त्वविज्ञानवान्भवत्यमनस्कः सदाऽशुचिः । न स तत्पदमाप्नोति सँ सारं चाधिगच्छति ॥ ७ ॥
yastvavijñānavānbhavatyamanaskaḥ sadā’śuciḥ । na sa tatpadamāpnoti sam̐ sāraṃ cādhigacchati ॥ 7 ॥
| Sanskrit Term | Transliteration | Hindi Meaning | English Word or Meaning | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| यः | yaḥ | जो – जो व्यक्ति | who (person who) | |
| तु | tu | परन्तु – लेकिन | but | |
| अविज्ञानवान् | avijñānavān | विवेक-रहित – जिसमें विवेक या ज्ञान नहीं है | lacking discrimination (without vijñāna) | |
| भवति | bhavati | होता है – बनता है | becomes | |
| अमनस्कः | amanaskaḥ | मन-नियंत्रण-रहित – जिसका मन वश में नहीं है | without control of mind (amanas) | |
| सदा | sadā | सदा – हमेशा | always | |
| अशुचिः | aśuciḥ | अशुद्ध – जो शुद्ध नहीं है | impure (unclean) | |
| न | na | नहीं – नहीं | not | |
| सः | saḥ | वह – वह व्यक्ति | he | |
| तत् पदम् | tat padam | वह परम-लक्ष्य – परम स्थिति (मुक्ति) | that supreme goal (tat padam, the highest state) | |
| आप्नोति | āpnoti | प्राप्त करता – पहुँचता है | attains | |
| संसारम् | saṃsāram | संसार – जन्म-मरण का चक्र | saṃsāra (cycle of birth and death) | |
| च | ca | और – भी | and | |
| अधिगच्छति | adhigacchati | प्राप्त करता है – पहुँचता है | reaches, attains |
Translation/Explanation
Hindi: जिस व्यक्ति में विवेक (avijñāna) नहीं है, जिसका मन (manas) वश में नहीं है और जो सदा अशुद्ध (aśuci) रहता है, वह उस परम लक्ष्य (tat padam) को प्राप्त नहीं करता, बल्कि वह पुनः संसार (saṃsāra) के चक्र में चला जाता है। यहाँ उपनिषद् यह स्पष्ट करती है कि केवल बुद्धि (buddhi) और मन (manas) के संयम से ही मुक्ति (mokṣa) संभव है; अन्यथा, जीवात्मा (jīvātman) बार-बार जन्म और मृत्यु के चक्र में फँस जाता है।
English: He who is devoid of discrimination (avijñāna), whose mind (manas) is not under control, and who is always impure (aśuci), does not attain that supreme goal (tat padam). Instead, he enters again into the cycle of saṃsāra. The Kathopaniṣad here clarifies that only through mastery of buddhi (intellect) and manas (mind) can one reach mokṣa (liberation); otherwise, the jīvātman (individual self) remains bound in repeated birth and death.
Commentary
Now the text mentions the results produced by the driver (buddhi) who is unknowing, as above stated; the lord of the chariot, who does not know and who has not the manas under control and who is, therefore, always aśuci, does not attain that immortal great goal already described, by reason of having such a driver. It is not alone that he does not attain that, but he reaches saṃsāra marked by births and deaths.
Concept List
avijñāna
amanas
aśuci
tat padam
saṃsāra
buddhi
manas
jīvātman
mokṣa