Sbg4.20
Sloka 4.20
Sloka (श्लोक)
त्यक्त्वा कर्मफलासङ्गं नित्यतृप्तो निराश्रयः। कर्मण्यभिप्रवृत्तोऽपि नैव किञ्चित्करोति सः।।4.20।।
पदच्छेद / Padaccheda
त्यक्त्वा कर्मफलासङ्गम् नित्यतृप्तः निराश्रयः कर्मणि अभिप्रवृत्तः अपि न एव किञ्चित् करोति सः
Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)
tyaktvā karmaphalāsaṅgaṁ nityatṛpto nirāśrayaḥ | karmaṇyabhipravṛtto'pi naiva kiñcitkaroti saḥ ||4.20||
Translation (अनुवाद)
He who has renounced attachment to the fruits of actions, is ever content, and dependent on nothing, truly does nothing at all, even though engaged in action.
Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)
| Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Meaning (अर्थ) | Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ) |
|---|---|---|
| त्यक्त्वा | having abandoned | त्यागकर |
| कर्मफलासङ्गम् | attachment to the fruits of actions | कर्मफल के प्रति आसक्ति |
| नित्यतृप्तः | ever content | सदैव संतुष्ट |
| निराश्रयः | dependent on nothing | निःसहाय |
| कर्मणि | in action | कर्म में |
| अभिप्रवृत्तः | engaged | प्रवृत्त |
| अपि | even | भी |
| न | not | नहीं |
| एव | indeed | निश्चित रूप से |
| किञ्चित् | anything | कुछ भी |
| करोति | does | करता |
| सः | he | वह |
कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples
| कर्ता (Subject) | क्रिया (Verb) | विधान (Object) | अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation | हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| सः (he) | त्यक्त्वा (having abandoned) | कर्मफलासङ्गम् (attachment to fruits of actions) | He abandons attachment to the fruits of actions. | वह कर्मफल के प्रति आसक्ति का त्याग करता है। |
| सः (he) | न (not) करोति (does) | किञ्चित् (anything) | He does not do anything indeed. | वह वास्तव में कुछ भी नहीं करता। |
| सः (he) | नित्यतृप्तः अपि (even content) | निराश्रयः (dependent on nothing) | He is ever content and dependent on nothing. | वह सदैव संतुष्ट और निःसहाय है। |
Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)
Categories (वर्गीकरण)
- Teaching detachment from results
- Describing the state of a yogi
- Clarifying action vs. inaction
Commentary (टीका)
The sloka emphasizes the state of detachment from the fruits of actions, referred to as *karma-phala-tyāga*. It describes a person who is constantly content (*nityatṛpti*) and independent (*nirāśraya*), and yet participates in worldly actions without getting entangled in them. This reflects the deeper philosophical principle in the Bhagavad Gita about performing duties without attachment to their outcomes, thus achieving a state of actionless action or *niṣkāmakarma*. A Self-realized being, who understands the nature of the Self as beyond actions, remains unaffected by the material outcomes of their deeds. This principle liberates the individual from the cycle of actions and reactions, leading to eternal peace and satisfaction.
The Hindi commentary further explains that such a person does not consider themselves bound by the results of actions, akin to how a soldier in an army does not claim victory for themselves, but attributes it to the king who has enabled them. Similarly, the realized individual perceives actions as natural occurrences, instigated by means of prakriti (nature), and thus remains unattached(*anāśrita*).
The core message is about liberation from the bondage of actions by recognizing one's deeper identity beyond the transient physical world, illuminating the true essence of being which is eternally blissful and self-contained.