Sbg4.16
Sloka 4.16
Sloka (श्लोक)
मूल श्लोकः किं कर्म किमकर्मेति कवयोऽप्यत्र मोहिताः। तत्ते कर्म प्रवक्ष्यामि यज्ज्ञात्वा मोक्ष्यसेऽशुभात्।।4.16।।
पदच्छेद / Padaccheda
किम् कर्म किम् अकर्म इति कवयः अपि अत्र मोहिताः तत् ते कर्म प्रवक्ष्यामि यत् ज्ञात्वा मोक्ष्यसे अशुभात्
Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)
kim karma kim akarma iti kavayaḥ api atra mohitāḥ। tat te karma pravakṣyāmi yat jñātvā mokṣyase aśubhāt।।4.16।।
Translation (अनुवाद)
O Arjuna, what is karma and what is akarma even the wise are bewildered about. I shall explain to you this karma, knowing which you shall be liberated from the evil of saṁsāra (worldly existence).
Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)
| Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Meaning (अर्थ) | Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ) |
|---|---|---|
| किम् | what | क्या |
| कर्म | action | कर्म |
| किम् | what | क्या |
| अकर्म | inaction | अकर्म |
| इति | thus | इस प्रकार |
| कवयः | wise | ज्ञानी |
| अपि | also | भी |
| अत्र | in this | इसमें |
| मोहिताः | deluded | मोहित |
| तत् | that | वह |
| ते | to you | तुम्हें |
| कर्म | action | कर्म |
| प्रवक्ष्यामि | I shall teach | मैं कहूँगा |
| यत् | which | जो |
| ज्ञात्वा | having known | जानकर |
| मोक्ष्यसे | (you) shall be liberated | मुक्त हो जाओगे |
| अशुभात् | from evil | अशुभ से |
कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples
| कर्ता (Subject) | क्रिया (Verb) | विधान (Object) | अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation | हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| कवयः (the wise) | मोहिताः (are deluded) | कर्म-अकर्म (action-inaction) | The wise are deluded about action and inaction. | ज्ञानी लोग कर्म और अकर्म के विषय में मोहित हैं। |
| अहम् (I) | प्रवक्ष्यामि (shall teach) | कर्म (action) | I shall teach you the essence of action. | मैं तुम्हें कर्म का सार समझाऊँगा। |
| त्वम् (You) | मोक्ष्यसे (shall be liberated) | अशुभात् (from evil) | You shall be liberated from evil. | तुम अशुभ से मुक्त हो जाओगे। |
Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)
Categories (वर्गीकरण)
- Distinguishing action and inaction
- Enlightenment leading to liberation
- Understanding wisdom and delusion
Commentary (टीका)
In this verse, Lord Krishna addresses the complexity of understanding the true nature of "karma" (action) and "akarma" (inaction) and acknowledges that even the wise can be deluded in this matter. The core lesson imparted here revolves around the fact that the true understanding of karma is not just based on external actions or inaction but on the intention and awareness behind them.
The Hindi commentary dives deeper into this by explaining that actions made without attachment, desire for results, and without regarding one's ego are the real akarma which do not lead to bondage. The dual concepts of karma and akarma are further compared with "vikarma" (prohibited or negative actions) indicating how the intention behind actions can transform their nature and consequences.
This sloka promises that understanding the real essence of action and its subtleties, as taught by Krishna, leads to freedom from the "aśubha" (evil) of the cycle of birth and death. This involves cultivating a demeanor detached from the fruits of action, thus achieving a state of inner liberation.
The discussion highlights that even those well-versed in scriptures can be confused about these concepts, and thus Krishna's teachings become essential for achieving mokṣa. The key lies in performing one's duties with detached engagement, recognizing the difference between doing and non-doing, and realizing that true liberation comes from internal insight rather than mere abstention from action.