Sbg2.21
Sloka 2.21
Sloka (श्लोक)
वेदाविनाशिनं नित्यं य एनमजमव्ययम्। कथं स पुरुषः पार्थ कं घातयति हन्ति कम्।।2.21।।
पदच्छेद / Padaccheda
वेद + अविनाशिनम् + नित्यम् + यः + एनम् + अजम् + अव्ययम्। कथम् + सः + पुरुषः + पार्थ + कं + घातयति + हन्ति + कम्।।
Transliteration (लिप्यांतरण)
vedāvināśinaṁ nityaṁ ya enam ajam avyayam। kathaṁ sa puruṣaḥ pārtha kaṁ ghātayati hanti kam।।
Translation (अनुवाद)
One who knows the Self to be indestructible, eternal, unborn, and immutable, O Pārtha (Arjuna), how can that person slay or cause anyone to slay?
जो आत्मा को अविनाशी, नित्य, अजन्मा और अपरिवर्तनीय जानता है, हे पार्थ (अर्जुन), वह व्यक्ति भला कैसे किसी को मार सकता है अथवा किसी से मरवा सकता है?
Word-by-Word Meaning (अन्वय के साथ शब्दार्थ)
| Sanskrit (संस्कृत) | English Meaning (अर्थ) | Hindi Meaning (हिंदी अर्थ) |
|---|---|---|
| वेद | knows | जानता है |
| अविनाशिनम् | indestructible | अविनाशी |
| नित्यम् | eternal | नित्य |
| यः | who | जो |
| एनम् | this (Self) | इस आत्मा को |
| अजम् | unborn | अजन्मा |
| अव्ययम् | immutable | अपरिवर्तनीय |
| कथम् | how | कैसे |
| सः | he | वह |
| पुरुषः | person | व्यक्ति |
| पार्थ | O Pārtha | हे पार्थ |
| कं | whom | किसको |
| घातयति | causes to slay | मरवाता है |
| हन्ति | kills | मारता है |
| कम् | whom | किसको |
कर्ता-क्रिया-विधान / S-V-O Tuples
| कर्ता (Subject) | क्रिया (Verb) | विधान (Object) | अंग्रेज़ी अनुवाद / English Translation | हिंदी अनुवाद / Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| यः | वेद | आत्मा | One who knows (the Self) | जो आत्मा को जानता है |
| सः पुरुषः | घातयति | कं | That person causes to slay whom | वह व्यक्ति किसको मरवाता है |
| सः पुरुषः | हन्ति | कम् | That person kills whom | वह व्यक्ति किसको मारता है |
Important Concepts (महत्वपूर्ण अवधारणाएँ)
Categories (वर्गीकरण)
- Definitions (of a concept)
- Teaching a method
- Listing characteristics (of the Self)
Commentary (टीका)
The sloka emphasizes the philosophical understanding that the *ātman* (Self) is indestructible (*avināśin*), eternal (*nitya*), unborn (*aja*), and immutable (*avyaya*). The enlightened individual who understands this truth cannot engage in acts of killing or cause others to kill because they see all actions as part of the impermanent play of prakṛti (nature) rather than of the *ātman*. The commentary by Swami Sivananda and Swami Ramsukhdas highlights the transcendental nature of the *ātman* that transcends the cycle of birth and death. According to the commentaries, any involvement in actions such as killing would contradict the understanding of the Self’s immutable nature, leading to the conclusion that actions should be aligned with the knowledge of the true nature of the Self. Thus, the passage encourages acting without attachment while being aligned with dharma (righteousness).
In the context of the Gītā, this sloka urges Arjuna to understand the spiritual truth of the self, suggesting that one should act according to one's duties without attachment or fear, grounded in the knowledge of the eternal and changeless nature of the Self.